四六級考試作文評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差別
四六級考試作文評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差別
四六級考試作文命題相同評分不同 差別在哪里？
四級和六級考試寫作雖然曾經(jīng)采用相同的命題，但是評分卻有差別。在寫作測試和教學(xué)中，考生和教師都應(yīng)該敏銳地把握這些差異。具體地講，語匯、語型、句法和章法結(jié)構(gòu)多個方面在深度和準(zhǔn)確程度上有差異。
實際上不同的考試使用相同或者相似的命題，在國外測試中屢見不鮮。托福和雅思，GMAT 和GRE命題很多時候是相同的。可是考試的評分重點有很大的不同。
寫四級作文，考生應(yīng)該注意不要超過四級考試的詞匯范圍。句法結(jié)構(gòu)要有適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓遣灰褂眠^于復(fù)雜的從句。否則，錯誤的復(fù)雜句子遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不如正確的簡單的句子。
我們用一道具體的題目分析四級和六級的差別。
例題：1998年1月
Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 目前社會上有不少假冒偽劣商品(fake commodities)。為什么會有這種現(xiàn)象?
2. 舉例說明假冒偽劣商品對消費者個人、社會等的危害。
Harmfulness of Fake Commodities
范文一
Each individual encounters such troubles as sickness and discomfort situations in his or her development. Similarly, each society is inevitably harmfully impacted by immoral or even illegal economic activities in the process of its evolvement. The most notorious and harmful among these despicable actives are fake commodities.
Fake commodities, like a virus that intrudes and cripples an organism, exert alarmingly detrimental influences on each individual consumer, the community, and the social mores as well.
They directly hurt the consumers by providing products that are priced highly but inferior in quality. Sometimes such products as faked medicine or foods can threaten consumers’ life, needless to mention consumers’ economic loss. The more fake commodities a society has, the more exacerbated the moral and ethic in that society.
What the society must immediately address is to minimize the quantity of any fake commodities and eradicate any opportunity to manufacture them. 146 words 注意現(xiàn)在的作文要求字?jǐn)?shù)增加到了200字左右。
講評：
1. 類比性思維和寫作手法處理抽象復(fù)雜的命題
2. 比較結(jié)構(gòu)的句型寫作訓(xùn)練
3. 主語從句為代表的復(fù)雜句法結(jié)構(gòu)
4. 定語從句的訓(xùn)練
范文二 204單詞
Economic boom should bring people a more comfortable and convenient life. Ironically, the more commodities available in a society whose economic fabric is not woven by legal and moral warp and woof , the less and less security the average consumers can have. In fact, even today the public is still jeopardized by fake commodities that flood almost each developing country.
Fake commodities directly harm the average individual consumers in a series of ways. First they are usually inferior in quality and thus cannot meet consumers’ ends. Take a fake watch as an example, it is sold at the same price as is the genuine one but seldom can it give time precisely. Secondly, they might threaten consumers’ health and life in case of fake foods, medicine, and beverages. Some patients are seriously endangered by taking fake medicines. Some even lose their life immediately after eating fake soybean sauces and vinegar. The society as a whole is also detrimentally infected by fake commodities as far as the moral and ethic is concerned.
Then, how to address this serious problem? Most vital is to legally penalize those who manufacture and trade fake products. Second is to educate people how to tell the facts and fiction.
以上兩篇作文都是非常優(yōu)秀的。從用詞到句型的變化，章法的合理安排等各個方面都已經(jīng)超越了一個考生能夠掌握的程度。所以，單純從四六級考試來看，都不是適合學(xué)生的作文。那么考慮到考生的實際英語水平。我們提供一下兩種寫法。
究竟什么才是優(yōu)秀的四級作文呢？這個說法本來就比較矛盾。因為四級考試本身就是要求比較低的英文。如何在低層次獲得“優(yōu)秀”實在不是一件容易的事情。
分析：
1. 目前社會上有不少假冒偽劣商品(fake commodities)。為什么會有這種現(xiàn)象?
2. 舉例說明假冒偽劣商品對消費者個人、社會等的危害。
這個考題要求考生
> 描述社會上有不少假冒偽劣的商品
> 分析社會現(xiàn)象存在的原因
> 利弊陳述
這是四級和六級共同要求的語言功能，這兩種考試都要求考生嚴(yán)格按照命題的提綱寫作。所以三個段落的劃分就十分清楚。
范文三 （四級）
190 words
The society has hundreds and thousands of fake commodities. They are almost everywhere. They are in daily life, hospital, supermarkets, and so on.
Why do we have these fake commodities? This question has not only attracted the interests from the scientists but also from the general public. Generally three reasons have been given to explain this phenomenon. First of all, fake commodities are usually profitable. They are lower in cost and of course, in quality, but are high in price. Secondly, the society often finds it hard to help consumers to tell fake ones from the genuine goods. Third, legal restrictions against fake commodities are not work at all or work with lower efficiency.
Fake commodities do harm to the human life. They can damage the life or ruin one’s happiness, depending on what kind of fake commodities consumers have bought. They can also damage the society as a whole if the fake commodities are not restricted by governments or other agencies. Fake medicines are a typical example. Today, even in the field of academic, fake papers are not uncommon. All these fake commodities exert negative impacts on human civilization.
范文四 （六級）： 258 words
Fake commodities seem to flood into each corner of daily life. Worse they even stream into academic institutions evidenced by the fact that some professors plagiarize papers. We have fake clothes with brand name. We have fake medicines which are openly sold in hospitals. We also have some fake computers and TV sets. In one word, fake commodities are almost everywhere.
Then we naturally ask: Why do fake commodities flow into the supermarkets? The flood is so overwhelming that both the sociologists and the general public have to dig the root reasons. On the basis of scientific research and survey, scholars discover that among the diverse array of contributing factors, the major one is that the society in which the fake commodities are flooding is usually short of an effective legal system to control or guide the markets. Another reason, similarly vital, states that the social and economic order is maintained by, to a considerable extent, ethic and moral. But the moral and value system becomes fragile when subject to a market characterized and dominated by the cold cash. Economic models have been put forward to provide theories to account fro why fake commodities can negative influence a society to such an extent. Of courses many other reasons also play their roles.
The harmful impacts exerted by fake commodities on the social and economic development can be alarmingly destructive. Not only can they directly harm the consumers’ benefits and rights but also they collapse a civilization provided that the government has no effective measures to address this problem.
考生可以比較四級和六級考試的兩篇范文的主要區(qū)別。在邏輯分析問題形成的原因時，也就是文章的中間主題段落，四級考生只要用基本的句型表達(dá)清楚就可以了。而六級的要求則普遍偏高。考生必須從表層淺顯，甚至?xí)r司空見慣的社會生活現(xiàn)象挖掘出深層的本質(zhì)原因。在范文四，我從社會的法律和社會秩序的維系主體立義。
從思維高度上，如果說六級要求高。那么在表達(dá)的方式上，六級使用的句子長度和難度都比較高。比如在范文四中最長的句子可以高達(dá)46個單詞。而在四級中則沒有這種復(fù)雜多變的句子。還有一個問題需要提醒考生，六級作文明顯體現(xiàn)出從句多，層次關(guān)系復(fù)雜。
以上的作文實際上都達(dá)到了滿分的要求。四六級考試即將來臨，預(yù)祝考生獲得應(yīng)試成功。