淺談定語從句_英語教學論文,淺談定語從句_英語教學論文范文
淺談定語從句
引導定語從句的有：關系代詞who(whom, whose)，which, that和關系副詞when, where, why等。例如：
The girl who had lunch with me yesterday is my girl friend.昨天與我共進午餐的那個女孩是我的女朋友。(girl是先行詞，who是關系代詞)
The book that(which)I am reading is very interesting.我正在看的這本書非常有趣。(book是先行詞，that是關系代詞)
現略談一談關系代詞和關系副詞的作用和用法，引導定語從句的關系代詞和關系副詞在先行詞和定語從句之間起聯系作用，它們可以作定語從句的一個成分：
一、關系代詞可以作定語從句的主語、賓語或定語。
1.who指人，是主格，在定語從句中作主語；whom是賓格，在定語從句中作賓語；whose是所有格，在定語從句中作定語。例如：
(1)This is Uncle Li who mended computers for us.這就是為我們修電腦的李叔叔。
The student who(that)is playing with a yoyo is only seven.正在玩溜溜球的那個學生僅僅七歲。
(2) This is the man(whom)I met in Australian last month.這就是我上個月在澳大利亞遇見的那個人。
The soldier whom you want to see has already come.你要見的那名士兵已經來了。
(3)There is nobody here whose name is Gu Jianfei.這兒沒有名叫顧劍飛的人。
My aunt whose photo I showed you yesterday will come to see us this evening.我姨媽今晚要來看我們，她的照片昨天我給你看過。
2.which指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如：
(1)Take the pencil which is lying on the desk.把課桌上的那支鉛筆拿去。
We visited the Jade Buddha Temple, which is in the northwestern part of Shanghai.我們參觀了玉佛寺，它在上海西北邊。
(2)The factory which we visited yesterday is very famous in the world.我們昨天參觀的那家工廠是全球聞名的。
The money which they found in the street is mine.他們在街上找到的錢是我的。
3.that指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。指物時，它的用法和which大致相同。例如：
(1)The comrade that you saw is a combat hero.你見到的那個同志是個戰斗英雄。(that作賓語，指人)
Is this the pen that you were looking for?你要找的鋼筆是這一支嗎?(that作賓語，指物)
(2)The man that called me last night was killed this morning.昨夜給我打電話的那個人今早給人殺了。(that作主語，指人)
There is no difficulty that cannot be overcome.沒有不能克服的困難。(that作主語，指物)
[注1]that和which都指事物時，一般可以通用。但在下列情況下必須用that，而不能用which:
1先行詞為all，everything, nothing, something, anything, much little, few, none, the one等時。例如：
Say all(that)you know.把你知道的全部講出來。
Is there anything(that)I can do for you now?現在需要我為你做點什么嗎?
This book contains much little that is useful.這本書中有很多(沒有多少)有用的東西。
I mean the one that was bought yesterday.我指的是昨天買的那個。
2先行詞為數詞或被序數詞(含last)修飾時。例如：
This is the first film(that)I have seen since I came here.這是我到這里以來所看的第一部電影。
The last place they visited was the Summer Palace.他們最后參觀的地方是頤和園。
Look at those presents. You can see the two that you gave me.看那些禮物，你能看見你送我的那兩個嗎?
3先行詞被形容詞的最高級或the very, the only等所修飾時。例如：
This is the biggest apple(that)I have ever eaten.這是我所吃到的蘋果中最大的一個。
She is the very thief(that)the policeman is looking for.她就是警察正在尋找的那個小偷。
Mary is the only friend(that)I have in Australia.瑪麗是我在澳大利亞唯一的朋友。
4先行詞中既有人又有物時。例如：Peter and his car that disappeared mysteriously in London in 1987 appeared mysteriously in New York in 1993.彼得和他的小轎車1987年在倫敦神秘地失蹤，后來于1993年又神秘地出現在紐約。
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.我們訪問過的老師和參觀過的學校給我們留下了深刻的印象。
5先行詞在主句中作表語，或關系代詞在從句中作表語時。例如：