愛迪生(Edison)

　　愛迪生(edison)

　　edison (1847~1931) edison,thomas alva american inventor. to the creation of factory laboratories, technology development and to open up avenues of scientific research in close connection with the name lowered history. february 11, 1847 in the ohio mailan a dutch immigrant family. october 18, 1931 in new jersey xiaolan in death. produced only three months of formal education received. 12-year-old has done bao tong, hawkers, rapporteur, to fend for themselves. because m.

　　faraday effect in life science research experiments and inventions. in 1868 he invented a recording device to sell to Chinese Taiwan votes congress, but has not been used. edison first invented so that he did not find the market more attention to the relevance of the invention. 1869, edison moved to new york from boston. he improved the indicators cable companies telegraph, the recognition by the manager of the company, employed 300 us dollars monthly salary (which at the time was very high salary). 1870, moved to new jersey to begin his efficient invention period. 1874 improved typewriters. 1876, to the latter.

　　bell invented the telephone with a carbon reap route, and raised the words beep. 1876, founded his famous laboratory. in the laboratory, he broke the previous individual scientists to engage in research tradition, organized a group of professionals (including n.tesla and others), and the subject of his assignment, a common commitment to the invention, thus creating the correct way to modern scientific research. 1877, invented gramophone, which makes him original. 1878, the study began incandescent lamp in the 10 months after many failures, october 21, 1879 in the successful location of incandescence light lights carbon silk, stable location between two days. 1882, in new york pearl street block communal fire was the world's second plant, built in new york urban electric lighting, a modern electricity system to take shape. mar lighting achievement has not only greatly improved the working conditions of production, but also herald an era of daily life electrification forthcoming. 1883, edison bulbs in a vacuum test, accidentally discovered the cold, there is a current hot electrode. this phenomenon was called the edison effect, become electron tube and electronic industries. 1887, from xiaolan government, and in the same year in a larger city, the laboratory equipment is also updated the famous edison laboratory (later known as the invention factory). here, according to g.

　　school invention, produced its own camera. 1914, by gramophone and camera film produced by the first audio system. old age, his inventions and innovations including batteries, cement mixer, sound recording telephone, double - and multi-type cable system, railways used brakes. first world war, he served as chairman of the technical advisory committee to guide torpedoes and anti-submarine equipment research, invented dozens of weapons. to this end, the united states government in 1920 conferred on him the distinguished services medal serving, the french government awarded honorary medals to his corps spaces. 1928, the united states congress to grant him honorary medals. throughout their entire life cycle, edison and his laboratory received 1,093 patents for their invention. edison invented many life, but he is after all a system of scientific knowledge, and thus to the development of modern technology can not make the right judgment. in the 19th century, the exchange of transmission system has emerged, but he still insisted on direct current transmission, and with g.westinghouse niehaus fierce competition occurred lost niagara hydropower project contracts;he blindly testing laboratory magnetic milling equipment, the invention electric depletion of the funds had to be abandoned. however, edison electricity in the development, application of electric appliances manufacturing promote the contribution that he became the history of mankind's greatest inventor the world.

　　愛迪生

　　愛迪生（1847～1931）美國發明家。以創辦工廠實驗室、開辟使技術開發與科學研究緊密結合的途徑而名垂史冊 。1847 年2月11日生于俄亥俄州的邁蘭的一個荷蘭移民家庭。1931年10月18日于新澤西州西奧蘭治逝世 。幼時只受過3個月正規教育 。12歲起做過報童、小販、報務員等以自謀生計。因受m.法拉第的影響，一生從事電學實驗研究和發明。1868年他發明了一臺選票記錄儀想推銷給國會，但沒有被采用。愛迪生的第一項發明沒有找到市場使他更注意發明的實用性。1869年，愛迪生由波士頓移居紐約。他改進了金指示器電報公司的電報機，得到公司經理的賞識 ，受聘月薪300美元（ 這在當時是很高的月薪 ）。1870 年 ，移居新澤西州 ，開始他的高效發明時期 。1874年改進了打字機 。1876年 ，給a.g.貝爾發明的電話加裝了炭粒話筒，提高了受話的聲響。

　　1876年，創辦了他著名的實驗室。在這個實驗室里，他 打破了以往科學家個人獨自從事研究的傳統，組織一批專門人才（包括n.特斯拉等人），由他出題目并分派任務，共同致力于一項發明 ， 從而開創了 現代科學研究 的正確途徑 。1877年，發明了留聲機，這使他名揚四海。1878年，開始白熾燈的研究，在十幾個月中經過多次失敗后，于1879年10月21日成功地點亮了白熾炭絲燈，穩定地點亮了兩整天。1882年，在紐約珍珠街創辦世界第二座公用火電廠，建立起紐約市區電燈照明系統，成為現代電力系統的雛形。電照明的實現，不僅大大改善了人們生產勞動的條件，也預示著日常生活電氣化時代即將到來。1883年，愛迪生在試驗真空燈泡時，意外地發現冷、熱電極間有電流通過。這種現象后來稱為愛迪生效應，成為電子管和電子工業的基礎。1887年，移居西奧蘭治，并于同年在該市創建規模更大、裝備也更新的實驗室，即著名的愛迪生實驗室（后人稱之為發明工廠）。在這里，根據g.伊斯曼的發明，制作了自己的照相機。1914年 ，用留聲機和照相機制成了最早的有聲電影系統。晚年，他的發明和革新包括蓄電池、水泥攪拌機、錄音電話、雙工式和多工式電報系統、鐵路用制動器等。第一次世界大戰期間，他任海軍技術顧問委員會主席，指導魚雷和反潛設備研究，發明了幾十種武器。為此，美國政府于1920年授予他卓越服 務獎章 ， 法國政府授 予他軍團榮譽勛位 。1928年，美國國會授予他榮譽獎章。終其一生，愛迪生和他的實驗室共獲1093項發明專利權。愛迪生一生發明眾多，但他畢竟缺乏系統的科學知識 ，因而對現代技術的發展不能作出正確判斷。19世紀末，交流輸電系統已經出現，但他仍堅持直流輸電，并在與g.威斯汀豪斯發生的激烈競爭中喪失了承建尼亞加拉水電站的合同 ；他的實驗室盲目試制磁力選礦設備，耗盡了發明電燈所得的資金，最后不得不放棄。但是，愛迪生在電力開發、電器制造推廣電能應用等方面所作的貢獻，使他成為人類歷史上最偉大的發明家之一。