古典文學(xué)中常見論文這個(gè)詞，當(dāng)代，論文常用來指進(jìn)行各個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域的研究和描述學(xué)術(shù)研究成果的文章，簡稱為論文。以下就是由編為您提供的英文開題報(bào)告。

　　一、論文題目：classroom interaction and oral english teaching

　　二、研究現(xiàn)狀：

　　對于課堂互動(dòng)與英語口語教學(xué)之間的關(guān)系，國內(nèi)的研究主要集中在：(1)構(gòu)建主義模式 它是以構(gòu)建主義理論為基礎(chǔ)的互動(dòng)模式，司洪海在《構(gòu)建主義理論與英語口語教學(xué)》中從對現(xiàn)有教學(xué)模式的“反思”入手，探討將構(gòu)建主義引入英語課堂教學(xué)的必要性、可行性及其意義和作用。盧艷春和路雅琴在《構(gòu)建主義與大學(xué)英語口語課堂教學(xué)》中則分別“從構(gòu)建知識(shí)觀”“構(gòu)建學(xué)習(xí)觀”“構(gòu)建教學(xué)觀”入手，強(qiáng)調(diào)以學(xué)生為中心的主動(dòng)性、構(gòu)建性。(2)角色扮演模式 徐志敏、王瑛在《大學(xué)英語課堂互動(dòng)教學(xué)中角色扮演探究》中著重探討了在角色扮演的互動(dòng)教學(xué)中教師的作用，對指導(dǎo)教學(xué)實(shí)踐具有重要的意義。而黃玉蘭在《角色扮演引入英語專業(yè)口語教學(xué)中》從角色扮演是“多為互動(dòng)英語口語教學(xué)模式的應(yīng)用”探討了角色扮演這一教學(xué)方法的目的、步驟和利弊等方面。(3)以學(xué)生為中心模式 這一模式被單獨(dú)研究的較少，黃影秋在《以學(xué)生為中心提高英語口語課堂教學(xué)效果的探索中》通過對學(xué)生口語課堂學(xué)習(xí)存在的問題的分析，提倡“以學(xué)生為中心”，實(shí)現(xiàn)教與學(xué)的“雙邊互動(dòng)”。并提出闡述如何運(yùn)用其他“教學(xué)策略提高口語的教學(xué)效果”，促進(jìn)學(xué)生交際能力的提高。而劉蓉在《談?dòng)⒄Z口語課堂互動(dòng)》中則提出了互動(dòng)可以創(chuàng)造“以學(xué)生為中心的口語課堂和整體小組作業(yè)模式”，提高口語交際能力。(4)合作性學(xué)習(xí)模式 這種模式的研究較為普遍和盛行，它興起于美國，在后來取得實(shí)質(zhì)性的進(jìn)展的一種教學(xué)理論與策略。黃艷在《合作性學(xué)習(xí)在大學(xué)英語課堂的應(yīng)用》中提出了以下幾種合作模式，從而的出該模式的優(yōu)勢所在。顧曉樂在《合作性學(xué)習(xí)與情景劇表演》中從情劇表演的角度來證明合作性學(xué)習(xí)的有效性。肖巧玲在《大學(xué)英語口語教學(xué)中的合作學(xué)習(xí)》中則通過合作學(xué)習(xí)在口語教學(xué)中的實(shí)踐探究合作學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)注意的原則。而慕東文在《合作性學(xué)習(xí)的特點(diǎn)、目標(biāo)、內(nèi)容和實(shí)踐策略》一文中，他用“人文精神和平等民主合作”原則，對待新的理念，指導(dǎo)英語口語教學(xué)。(5)情景設(shè)置模式 它主要是根據(jù)gillian brown & george yuled的語言情景對第二語言習(xí)得者的交際緊張、焦慮的研究表明口語情景設(shè)置不適當(dāng)，會(huì)影響學(xué)生用目標(biāo)語進(jìn)行交流，進(jìn)而強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)行口語教學(xué)情景設(shè)置的重要性。張舍茹、孫邊旗在《英語口語教學(xué)的情景設(shè)置>>中就論述我們應(yīng)注意“情景互動(dòng)教學(xué)中應(yīng)遵循的原則”，及如何設(shè)置“英語口語教學(xué)中情景設(shè)置的形式”兩個(gè)小方面局部性的探討了情景設(shè)置這種互動(dòng)模式。孫久榮在《論英語口語課的情景教學(xué)》中對情景設(shè)置這個(gè)模式從宏觀上進(jìn)行了分類，進(jìn)而得出“開放式情景”和“封閉式情景”，為情景設(shè)置互動(dòng)模式研究開辟了一個(gè)小領(lǐng)域。

　　outline

　　development and major concepts of dts

　　in this part i will describe holms’ basic map of dts and the relationship between function, process and product. i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.

　　methodolgy

　　i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

　　dts in contrast to other theories

　　a contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of dts from other theories such as equivalence theory and the chinese xin da ya criteria. some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.

　　case study

　　in this part, translation of the dream of red mansions (also translated as the story of the stone) will be under investigation in light of dts. translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.

　　conclusion

　　based on the above elaboration of dts and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of dts in specific study of translation. suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.

　　論文最好能建立在平日比較注意探索的問題的基礎(chǔ)上，寫論文主要是反映學(xué)生對問題的思考， 詳細(xì)內(nèi)容請看下文開題報(bào)告英文版。

　　research status:

　　study of color words has long attracted linguists’ attention. the bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. this concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. the same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance..

　　research background:

　　a language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. people of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. in a word, language is a mirror of culture.

　　when we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. in our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. in chinese and english cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life.

　　research significance:

　　as the differences between eastern and western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. if we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. the significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures.

　　古典文學(xué)中常見論文這個(gè)詞，當(dāng)代，論文常用來指進(jìn)行各個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域的研究和描述學(xué)術(shù)研究成果的文章，簡稱為論文。以下就是由編為您提供的開題報(bào)告英文。

　　as english idioms are much alive in everyday english, a close look at the function of idioms must be taken. this dissertation includes the following five aspects: 1. introduction

　　2. a general study of english idioms 2.1 the definition of english idioms 2.2 features of english idioms

　　下面是一篇英語論文的開題報(bào)告，雖然不是特別好，但也反應(yīng)了開題報(bào)告的格式和寫法，有一定的借鑒價(jià)值。　

　　Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

　　1 Introduction

　　The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

　　Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).

　　DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

　　My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.