情態(tài)動詞（通用15篇）
情態(tài)動詞 篇1
九年級教學案
課題m5u3 語法復習 情態(tài)動詞課型 復習課
教學
目標歸納語法情態(tài)動詞 鞏固練習 情態(tài)動詞
重點鞏固練習 情態(tài)動詞
難點歸納語法情態(tài)動詞
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情態(tài)動詞
情態(tài)動詞有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情態(tài)動詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化；不能單獨使用，必須與其后的動詞原形構成謂語。
1. can, could
1) 表示能力（體力、知識、技能）。 例如：can you lift this heavy box?（體力） mary can speak three languages.（知識） can you skate?（技能） 此時可用be able to代替。can只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去式；而be able to則有更多的時態(tài)。
例如： i’ll not be able to come this afternoon. （一般將來時）當表示“經(jīng)過努力才得以 做成功某事”時應用be able to，不能用can。如： he was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
2) 表示請求和允許。
例如：-----can i go now? ---yes, you can. / no, you can’t. 此時可與may互換。在疑問句中還可用could, might代替，但could, might 并不表示過去式，只是語氣更委婉。它們不能用于肯定句和答語中。
例如：--- could i come to see you tomorrow? -- yes, you can. (no, i’m afraid not.) 3) 表示客觀可能性（客觀原因形成的能力）。例如： they’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. this hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) 表示推測（驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度），用于疑問句、否定句和感嘆句中。
can this be true? this can’t be done by him. how can this be true?
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2. may, might
1) 表示請求和允許。might比 may語氣更委婉，而不是過去式。否定回答時可用can’t 或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。 例如：
----might/ may i smoke in this room? --- no, you mustn’t.
---- may/might i take this book out of the room?
--- yes, you can. (no, you can’t / mustn’t. ) 用may i...？征徇對方許可時比較正式和客氣，而用can i...？在口語中更常見。
2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 例如：may you succeed!
3) 表示推測、可能性（不用于疑問句）。might不是過去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 例如：he may /might be very busy now.
your mother may /might not know the truth.
3. must, have to
1) 表示必須、必要。例如： you must come in time.
在回答引出的問句時，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不準），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）。
例如： -- must we hand in our exercise books today? --- yes, you must. --- no, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
2) must是說話人的主觀看法，而have to則強調(diào)客觀需要。must只有一般現(xiàn)在時，have to 有更多的時態(tài)形式。
例如：his play isn’t interesting, i really must go now. i had to work when i was your age.
3) 表示推測、可能性（只用于肯定的陳述句）例如： you’re tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. your mother must be waiting for you now.
4. dare, need
1) dare作情態(tài)動詞用時, 常用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中, 過去式形式為dared。例如： how dare you say i’m unfair?
2) need 作情態(tài)動詞用時, 常用于疑問句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。
例如：you needn’t come so early. ---- need i finish the work today? --- yes, you must. / no, you needn’t.
3) dare和 need作實義動詞用時， 有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問句和否定句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。而need后面只能接帶to的不定式。
例如：i dare to swim across this river. he doesn’t dare (to) answer.
5. shall, should 1) shall 用于第一人稱，征求對方的意見。 例如：what shall we do this evening? 2) shall 用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。 you shall fail if you don’t work hard. (警告) he shall have the book when i finish it.(允諾) he shall be punished.(威脅 )
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6. will, would
1) 表示請求、建議等，would更委婉。
例如： will / would you pa ss me the ball, please?
2) 表示意志、愿望和決心。例如： i will never do that again. they asked him if he would go abroad.
3) would表示過去反復發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。would表示過去習慣時比used to正式，且沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習慣”的含義。
例如： during the vacation, he would visit me every other day. the wound would not heal.
7. sho uld, ought to
1) should, ought to表示“應該”，ought to表示義務或責任，比s hould語氣重。
i should help her because she is in trouble. you ought to take care of the baby.
2) 表示勸告、建議和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑問句中常用should。
you should / ought to go to class right away.
should i open the window?
3) 表示推測
should , ought to (客觀推測), must(主觀推測)。
he must be home by now. (斷定他已到家)
he ought to/should be hom e by now.(不太肯定)
this is where the oil must be. (直爽)
this is where the oil ought to/should be. (含蓄)
一，選用can, could, may, must, shall, should, will, would, can’t, mustn’t, needn’t或have to
1. there is air around us, thought we ________ see it.
2. your mother is getting better and better. you _______ worry about her.
3. you _______ play football in the busy street.
4. “_______ it be true ?.” “yes. it _______ be true indeed.”
5. tom _______ come to the party tonight, but i’m not sure.
6. _______ you please fetch me some water for me?
7. young trees ________ be planted in spring.
8. “must we hand in our exercise books today?”
“yes, you ______.” “no, you ________.”
9. “may i take this magazine out of the reading-room?”
“yes, you _______.” “no, you _______.”
10. please speak a little louder so that i _______ hear you.
二1. if you are not careful in the street, a car ______ hit you.
a. can b. may c. would d. must
2. –may i watch tv now, mum?
-no, you _____. you _____ do your homework first.
a. don’t; must b. don’t; can’t c. can’t; must d. can’t; can
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︶3. –mr. john, we must hand in our work today, ______?
-no, you ______. but you must bring it to school tomorrow.
a. needn’t we; mustn’t b. mustn’t we; needn’t
c. mustn’t you; mustn’t d. needn’t we; needn’t
4. he isn’t in the school. i think he ______ be ill. a. can b. shall c. must
5. children ______ play on the road or in the street. it is dangerous.
a. may not b. mustn’t c. couldn’t d. needn’t
6. even the top students in our class can’t work out this problem, so it _____be very difficult. a. may b. must c. can d. need
7. –can you ride a bike? -no, i _____.
a. may not b. can’t c. needn’t d. mustn’t
8. –must i return the book this morning?
-no, you _____. but you ______ return it before supper.
a. needn’t; must b. mustn’t; can c. mustn’t; may d. can’t; need
9. you ____ to go and see the doctor right now.
a. must b. should c. have d. will
10. don’t play with the knife. you ______ hurt yourself.
a. may b. should c. have to d. need
三，1. what _____ i do for you, madam?
a. may b. must c. can d. will
2. you’re made the same mistake again. how _____ you be so careless!
a. shall b. may c. can d. must
3. peter _____ come with us this afternoon, but he isn’t very sure yet.
a. shall b. may c. can d. must
4. don’t worry! the news _____ be true.
a. may not b. mustn’t c. will not d. needn’t
5. the traffic _____ stop when the lights are red in the street.
a. can’t b. don’t have to c. mustn’t d. must
6. –look! it _____ be the new headmaster.
-it _____ be him. he went to beijing yesterday.
a. can; mustn’t b. can; can’t c. must; can’t d. must; may
7. ______ i close the window? it’s so cold here.
a. must b. will c. need d. shall
8.you ___ return the bike now. you can keep it till tomorrow if you like.
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. needn’t d. may not
9.you _____ yourself about money. a. needn’t worry b. needn’t to worry c. don’t need worry d. needn’t be worry
10.many people want to see you. _____ they wait here or outside?
a. do b. will c. need d. shall
11.____ i ask your name, please? a. will b. shall c. may d. must
12.you _____ do it even if you don’t want to.
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. have to d. needn’t
13.i _____ like someone to take me to the museum.
a. will b. would c. shall d. need
14.look, what you have done! you _____ more careful.
a. may be b. had to c. should be d. should感悟反思：
情態(tài)動詞 篇2
（原創(chuàng)精品）XX年普通高考英語科語法知識網(wǎng)絡
專題08 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣i.情態(tài)動詞基本用法
情態(tài)動詞
用 法
否定式
疑問式
簡答式
can能力（體力，智力，技能）允許或許可（口語中常用）可能性（表猜測，用于否定句或疑問句中）can not / cannot /can’t docan…do…?yes,…can.no,…can’t.
couldcouldn’t do
may可以（問句中表示請求）可能，或許（表推測）祝愿（用于倒裝句中）may not do may…do…?
yes,…may. no,…mustn’t/can’t.
mightmight not domight…do…?yes,…mightno,…might not.
must必須，應該（表主觀要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測）must not/mustn’t domust…do…? to.yes,…must.no,…needn’t/don’t have
have to只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時態(tài)和人稱的變化）don’t have to dodo…h(huán)ave to do…?yes,…do. no,…don’t.
ought to應當（表示義務責任，口語中多用should）ought not to/oughtn’t to doought…to do…?yes,…ought. no,…oughtn’t.
shall用于一三人稱征求對方意見用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等shall not/shan’t doshall…do…?yes,…shall. no,…shan’t.
should應當，應該（表義務責任）本該（含有責備意味）should not/shouldn’t doshould…do…?
will意愿，決心請求，建議，用在問句中would比較委婉will not/won’t dowill/would…do…?yes,…will. no,…won’t.
wouldwould not/wouldn’t do
dare敢（常用于否定句和疑問句中）dare not/daren’t dodare…do…?yes,…dare.no,…daren’t.
need需要,必須（常用于否定句和疑問句中）need not/needn’t doneed…do…?yes,…must. no,…needn’t.
used to過去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再）used not/usedn’t/usen’t to dodidn’t use to doused…to do…?did…use to do…?yes,…used. no,…use(d)n’t. yes,…did. no,…didn’t.ii.情態(tài)動詞的重點知識表示“能力、許可”的can和may表示能力的情態(tài)動詞用can/coulda computer_____think for itself; it must be told what to do.a.can’t b.mustn’t c.may not d.might not表示許可時用may/might ,can/could 都可以，但在問句中用could…?或might…？ 以使口氣委婉客氣，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口氣明確（must表示一定，必須，mustn’t表示禁止，不許可）。①—could i call you by your first name? —yes, you______a.will b.could c.may d.might②johnny, you_____play with the knife, you_____hurt yourself.a.won’t/can’t b.mustn’t/may c.shouldn’t/must d.can’t/shouldn’t在肯定句中could不可以用來表示過去某一特定場合的能力，而要用was/were able to。the fire spread through the hotel very quickly buteveryone_____get out.a.had to b.would c.could d.was able to表示“推斷、判斷”的canmay,must在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語氣最肯定,may表示的是事實上的可能性。peter______come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.a.must b.may c.can d.will而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性：mary is in poor health. she can be ill at any times.在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t時用以代替mustn’t，語氣比may更肯定。中文可以翻譯為不可能。michael______be a policeman, for he’s much too short.a.needn’t b.can’t c.should d.may在疑問句只能用can，不能用may和must。he may be very busy now. can he be very busy now?he must be very busy now. can he be very busy now?
needneed作為情態(tài)動詞只有一種形式，只用于否定句和疑問句。
daredare作為情態(tài)動詞用時有兩種形式：dare和dared兩個詞形，除了可以用于否定句和疑問句外，還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。if he dare come,i will kick him out. i don’t know whether hedare say.注意:he doesn’t dare(to)answer the question.（否定句）does she dare(to)enter the dark room?（疑問句）shall用于第一人稱：征求對方的意見。what shall we do this evening?用于第二、三人稱：警告、命令、允諾、威脅等。you shall fail if you don’t work harder. 警告he shall have the book when i finish reading.允諾he shall be punished.威脅
should勸告、建議、命令、應該做、道義上的責任。you should(ought to) go to class right away. i should(ought to) help him because he is in trouble.
will/would請求、建議，would比will委婉客氣。would you pass me the book?表示意志、愿望和決心。i will never do that again. they asked us if we would do that againwould可表示過去反復發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。during the vacation he would visit me every weekthe wound would not heal.（傷口老是不能愈合）would表示估計或猜想。it would be about ten when he left home. what would she be doing there?情態(tài)動詞+have done的用法could+have done：本可以做而實際上未能做。you could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.cannot+ have done：表示對現(xiàn)在或過去行為的否定推測。he cannot have been to that town.can+主語+ have done：表示對過去行為的懷疑或不肯定（用在疑問句中）。can he have got the book?might(may)+ have done：對過去發(fā)生的行為不太肯定的推測。he may not have finished the work.if we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.must+ have done：對過去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測。其否定式為：cannot have done。you must have seen the film.you cannot have seen the film.needn’t+ have done：本來不必要做的而實際上又做了。you needn’t have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.注意：didn’t need to(have to)do：沒有必要做而實際上也沒有做i didn’t need to clean the windows.my sister did it 2 hours ago.should(ought to)+ have done：本來應該做而實際上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。you should have started earlier, but you didn’t.she shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape,for i worked to use it.注意：he should have finished the work by now.（表推測）
虛擬語氣
類 別
用 法
例 句
if引導的
條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句動詞：過去式（be用were）主句動詞：should/would/could/might+doif he were here, he would help us.與過去事實相反從句動詞：had+done主句動詞：should/would/could/might+have+doneif i had been free,i would have visited you.與將來事實相反從句動詞：過去式/should+動詞原形/were+to do主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形if it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.
省略if的虛擬條件句將虛擬條件從句中的were，had,should放到主語之前，構成主謂倒裝①should he come ,tell him to ring me up.②were i you,i would not do it.③had i been free,i would have visited you.
混合虛擬條件句
不同時間的虛擬：各遵守各的規(guī)則①if he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.②if he had told me yesterday,i should know what to do now.③if i were you, i would have gone to her birthday party.
虛擬與陳述的混合：各遵守各的規(guī)則①he could have passed the exam,but he wasn’t careful enough. ②you should have come earlier.the bus left a moment ago.
含蓄虛擬
條件句
but for+名詞表示虛擬條件句子或主句中的謂語動詞的形式視具體情況而定。這是考查考生應變能力的最佳試題。---but for your timely warning,we ______ into great trouble.---you know we’re friends.a. would get b. must have got c. would have got d. can’t have got
without+名詞表示虛擬條件without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.
動詞不定式表示虛擬條件it would be only partly right to follow in this way.
如果用這種方式，僅僅對了一半。
現(xiàn)在分詞表示虛擬條件having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.要是及時得知的話，我們也許能阻止這場事故。
過去分詞表示虛擬條件given more attention, the tree could have grown better.
如果多留心的話，這樹本來可以長的更好。
副詞otherwise表示虛擬條件i was too busy at that time.otherwise,i would have called you.我當時太忙，否則我就給你打電話了。
連詞but連接的句子表示虛擬條件he _____fatter but he eats too little .a. would become b. would have become c. must become d. must have become
其它
狀語從句as if/as though引導的狀語從句中動詞用did或had＋done或would/could/might＋do。注意：as if/as though引導的狀語從句中也可以用陳述語氣：當說話者認為所述的是真實的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實時：it sounds as if it is raining.聽起來像是在下雨。
he talks as if he is drunk.從他談話的樣子來看他是醉了。①與現(xiàn)在事實相反he talks as if he knew where she was.②與過去事實相反he talks about rome as if he had been there before.③與將來事實相反he opened his mouth as if he would say something.in order that/so that引導的狀語從句中動詞用can/could/may/ might/ would等+doturn on the light so that we can see it clearly.
賓語從句demand, suggest, order, insist后接的從句中動詞為should+dohe suggested that we not change our mind.wish后的從句中分別用過去式，過去完成式和should/would+do表示與現(xiàn)在，過去和將來情況相反i wish i could be a pop singer.i wish i would have gone to shanghai last month.
主語從句在it is necessary / important / strange that…it is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that…等從句中，謂語動詞用should+doit is strange that such a person should be our friends.
其它
句型中it is time that…句型中動詞用過去式或should+doit’s high time that we left/should leave.would rather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式i would rather you stayed at home now.if only句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強烈的愿望if only our dream had come true!
情態(tài)動詞 篇3
XX年高三一輪復習金子般的學案語法部分：情態(tài)動詞（新人教版）
情態(tài)動詞表示說話人的語氣和情緒，本身詞義不全，不能單獨作謂語，后面必須與動詞原形一起構成謂語。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，有的情態(tài)動詞有過去式。常見的情態(tài)動詞有can, could, may, might, must, have to, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare, used to等。
一、情態(tài)動詞的基本用法
(一)can, could的用法
【完成例句】 [ ]
(1)他媽媽會說法語。
his mother can / could speak french.
【結論1】表示體力或腦力(知識、技能)所產(chǎn)生的能力。
【翻譯句子】
(2)man can / could not live without air.
人沒有空氣不能呼吸。
【結論2】 表示客觀的可能性。
【翻譯句子】
(3)could you wait a few days for the money?
錢你可以再等幾天嗎？
(4)could you be here at eight o'clock tomorrow morning?
你能明天早上8點鐘到這兒嗎？
【結論3】表示請求、建議，用could 比 can語氣更委婉(回答用原形)。
【翻譯句子】
(5)could / can i borrow your reference books?
我可以借下你的參考書嗎？
(6)you can smoke in the entrance hall.
你可以在入口大廳抽煙。
【結論4】表示允許、許可，用could 比 can更委婉客氣。
【疑難1】
can it be true?
you can't be serious!
oh, dear, what on earth can this mean?
【疑難剖析1】 否定句、疑問句和感嘆句中，can表示懷疑、驚異、不相信的態(tài)度。
【疑難2】
they were able to put out the fire without any help from the firefighters.
【疑難剖析2】 表示“經(jīng)過努力后終于能……”，用be able to。
【疑難3】
you can not be too careful.
【疑難剖析3】慣用形式“can not (can't)…too / over / enough”表示“無論怎么……也不(過分)”，用來加強語氣。
【疑難4】
i couldn't but choose to wait.
【疑難剖析4】 cannot but do sth. 不得不；只好
(二)may, might的用法
【例句觀察】
may i ask you a question?
might i close the window?[ ]
you mustn't speak like that to your mother.
【結論1】 表示允許、請求。might i …？ 比 may i …？ 語氣更委婉和有禮貌。
【翻譯句子】
(7) he might come tomorrow.
他可能明天來。
(8) he may be very busy these days.
他這些天可能很忙。
【結論2】表示可能性，表示“或許，大概”。用于肯定句或否定句中，用might 比 may語氣更加不肯定。
【疑難1】
study hard that you may work better in the future.
they set out early so that they might arrive in time.
【疑難剖析1】用于目的狀語從句中，含“為了……”或“以便……”之意。
【疑難2】
if that is the case, we may as well try.
now that they were all here, she might as well speak her mind.
【疑難剖析2】 慣用形式 may (might)as well＋動詞原形：不妨做……
【疑難3】
may you succeed!
may the friendship between us last forever!
【疑難剖析3】表示祝愿。(不用might)采用部分倒裝語序：may＋主語＋動詞原形＋……
(三)must，have to的用法
【完成例句】
(9)所有人必須遵守條例。
everybody must obey the rules.
(10)不準你和你媽媽那樣說話。
you mustn't speak like that to your mother.
【結論1】must 表示“必須”。強調(diào)主觀看法，只有現(xiàn)在時形式，否定式是must not (mustn't)，表示“禁止”，“不準”。
【翻譯句子】
(11)走了很遠的路你一定餓了。
you must be hungry after the long walk.
【結論2】must表示有把握的推測，意為“一定，肯定”，用于肯定句中。
【翻譯句子】
(12 )因為他的腿斷了，他不得不躺在床上。
as he had broken his leg, he had to lie in bed.
【結論3】have to表示“必須，不得不”，著重強調(diào)客觀需要，能用于更多時態(tài)(過去式和將來式)。
【疑難】
— how old are you, madam?
— if you must know, i'm twice my son's age.
【疑難剖析】 must有“偏要、硬要”之意。
(四)will, would的用法
【例句觀察】
i will do my best to help you.
我會盡力幫你的。
he said that they would help us.
他說他們會幫助我們的。
【結論1】用于各種人稱，表示意志或決心。will指現(xiàn)在，would則指過去。
【完成例句】
(13)你可以教我怎樣駕車嗎？
would you teach me how to drive a car?
(14)當你看見他能給他捎個便條嗎？
will you please give him a message when you see him?
【結論2】用于第二人稱的疑問句中表示有禮貌的詢問和請求，would 比 will更委婉。
【完成例句】
(15)魚沒水就會死。
fish will die without water.
(16)星期天當他在北京的時候就會來看我。
he would come to see me on sunday when he was in beijing.
【結論3】表示習慣性、經(jīng)常性、傾向性，意為“總是”，“慣于”。 will指現(xiàn)在，would是指過去。
【疑難1】
that will be the man you want to see.
perhaps she would be willing to meet us.
【疑難剖析1】表示說話人的推測，意為“大概，也許”。would 的肯定性不如will強，語氣比較弱。
【疑難2】
that will do.
the machine won't work.
he tried the door again, but it wouldn't open
【疑難剖析2】. 表示功能，譯作“能”或“行”。
【疑難3】
would 與used to 的區(qū)別：
we would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story. (過去常有的習慣，但言下之意是現(xiàn)在可能還有這樣的習慣。)
we used to sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story. (過去常有的習慣，但言下之意是現(xiàn)在沒有這樣的習慣了。)
there used to be a park here.
【疑難剖析3】 used to表示過去的某種習慣，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)沒那樣的習慣了；would 表示過去有某種習慣，現(xiàn)在可能還有。表示過去的狀態(tài)，只能用used to，不能用would。
(五)shall, should, ought to的用法
【翻譯句子】
(17)我可以把燈關掉嗎？
shall i turn off the light?
【結論1】shall用于第一、第三人稱作主語的疑問句中，表示征求對方的意見。
【翻譯句子】
(18) you should keep your promise.
你應該信守諾言。
【結論2】should意為“應該”，表義務、責任，也可表示勸告、建議。
【翻譯句子】
(19)媽媽現(xiàn)在應該回來啦。
mother should be back by now.
【結論3】 should表示按常規(guī)、常理推測，意為“可能”或“應該”。
【翻譯句子】
(20) i should think you are mistaken.
我倒認為你是錯的。
【結論4】提出意見、建議時，可用should表示委婉、謙遜的語氣，意為“可”，“倒是”。
【翻譯句子】
(21)你應該在回家前完成作業(yè)。
you ought to finish your work before you go home.
【結論5】ought to表示責任和義務“應該”，語氣比 should強；還可表推測。例如：
you have practiced for a long time. there ought to be no difficulty for you.
【疑難1】
you shall go with me.
you shall not leave your post.
【疑難剖析1】shall用于第二、第三人稱作主語的陳述句中，表示說話人的決心、意志、許諾、命令、警告、威脅等。
【疑難2】
why should you be so late?
你今天來得怎么這么晚？
how should i know?
我怎會知道！(意為：我不知道。)
【疑難剖析2】why / how ＋should結構表示說話人對某事不能理解，感到意外、驚異等意思，意為“竟會”。
(六)need的用法
【例句觀察】
you needn't water the tomato plants now.
— need he come now?
— yes, he must. / no, he needn‘t. / he doesn’t have to.
【結論1】need作情態(tài)動詞表示“需要”，“必要”。通常用于否定句、疑問句、條件句中，且只有現(xiàn)在時，其他時態(tài)用“have to”的相應形式代替。
【翻譯句子】
(22) the house needs repairing.
＝the house needs to be repaired.
房子需要修理。
【結論2】need還可以用作行為動詞，其變化和一般的動詞相同。若主語為動作承受者時用動詞主動形式表示被動意義或用不定式的被動形式。
【疑難1】
—must i finish my homework now?
— no, you needn't.
【疑難剖析1】“must…？”一般疑問句的否定回答要用：no, sb. needn't.
(七)dare的用法
【翻譯句子】
(23) she dare not go there.
她不敢去那兒。
(24) how dare she do such a thing?
她怎敢做那樣的事情？
【結論1】 dare作情態(tài)動詞表示“敢于”用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中。
【翻譯句子】
(25) i dare say he is right.
我想他大概是對的吧。
they've lived here since .
【結論2】 慣用短語“i dare say”意為“我想，大概”。
【翻譯句子】
(26) 你敢往海里跳嗎？
do you dare to jump into the ocean?
(27) 我不敢問她。
i don't dare (to) ask her.
【結論3】dare還可以用作行為動詞，其變化與一般動詞相同。 (在否定句中時，dare后的“to＋動詞原形”可以省略to)。
二、情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法
情態(tài)動詞除各自有自己的詞義外，還可以表示猜測和責備(虛擬)等意義。情態(tài)動詞表推測用法can / must / may / should這四個情態(tài)動詞可以用于推測，可以對現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)、現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作、過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或對將來發(fā)生的動作進行推測。
(一)對現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)、現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作的推測，用“情態(tài)動詞＋動詞原形”結構。
1. can
【完成例句】
(28) he is in hospital. he can't be at school.
他在住院，他不可能在校學習。
(29)英語課開始了，他們不可能在打網(wǎng)球。
english class has begun. they can not be playing tennis now.
【結論1】否定句：意為“不可能”。
【完成例句】
(30) can he have been to america?
他會不會去過美國？
【結論2】疑問句：意為“會不會”。
2. may
【完成例句】
(31)他有輛車，他可能坐車來，但我不確定。
he has a car. he may come by car, but i am not sure.
(32)他們在上體育課。男孩們可能正在打球。
they are having pe. boys may be playing basketball.
【結論1】肯定句：意為“也許，可能”(might 的可能性更小)
【完成例句】
(33)沒有人來接電話，他可能不在家。
no one comes to answer the phone. he may not be at home.
【結論2】否定句：意為“也許不 / 沒有，可能不 / 沒有” (注意與can't 否定猜測時意思的對比)。
3. must
【完成例句】
(34)地面是濕的，昨天晚上肯定下過雨。
the ground is wet. it must have rained last night.
【結論】只能用于“肯定句”表示猜測，意為：“肯定，必定”(＝i am sure that…)
4. should, ought to[ ]
【例句觀察】
it's spring now. it should be warm.
現(xiàn)在是春天了，應該暖和點了。
the new coat ought to be ready on thursday.
新外套到禮拜四應該能準備好了。
【結論】 肯定句 “理應，應當”(按常規(guī)、常理、風俗習慣等進行推測)。[ ]
(二)對過去所發(fā)生的事情的推測，用“情態(tài)動詞＋完成式”結構。
【完成例句】
(35)房間里沒有燈光，他們肯定已經(jīng)上床睡覺了。
there's no light in the room. they must have gone to bed.
【結論1】must have done 一定做過某事。
【完成例句】
(36)他昨天不可能住酒店，他住在我家。
he couldn't have lived in the hotel because he stayed with me in my house.
【結論2】can have done / cannot have done表示對過去所發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑問句中。
【翻譯句子】
(37)你本來可以把工作做得更好一些的。
you could have done the work better.
【結論3】 could have done本來可以做而實際上未做。
【完成例句】
(38)他也許可以給你更多的幫助，盡管他很忙。
he might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.
【結論4】may / might have done也許 / 或許已經(jīng)……；本來可能……(但實際上沒有發(fā)生)；本來應該或可以做某事(含有輕微的責備語氣)。
【翻譯句子】
(39)你本應該更加仔細地做這個練習。
you should / ought to have done the exercise more carefully.
【結論5】should / ought to have done
本來應該做而實際上未做。(有“弦外之音，言外之意”。事實上，動作在過去并未發(fā)生過。)而ought not to have done; shouldn't have done表示“本來不應該做而實際上做了”。
【完成例句】
(40)你本來不必來校上課，因為今天是星期天。
today is sunday. you needn't have come to school for lessons.
【結論6】needn't have done 本來沒必要做而實際上做了。
【疑難1】
you must go now, needn't you?
you mustn't smoke here, must / may you?
【疑難剖析1】
當must作“必須”意義時，其反義部分用needn't；
當含有mustn't時，其反意部分用must / may。
【疑難2】
you must be hungry now, aren't you?
you must have heard about it, haven't you?
you must have watched that football match last night, didn't you?
【疑難剖析2】當情態(tài)動詞表推測時，反義部分的動詞形式根據(jù)情態(tài)動詞后面所隱含的時間來確定。
情態(tài)動詞 篇4
a. may和might
1.表示請求、許可，常譯為“可以”。
在口語中可用can, could代替may，但在正式場合用may。表示允許時，也可用might代替，might不表示過去時，而是表示口氣比較婉轉。
you may take this seat if you like.
如果你喜歡可以坐這個位置。
maycan could might i have a talk with you
我可以和你談談嗎？
--- maymight i come into the room to see my mother
我可以進房間看我母親嗎？
--- no, you mustn't. she needs to have a good rest.
不，你不能進。她需要好好休息。
提示：
may i ... 問句常見的肯定回答和否定回答。
肯定回答
yes, please.
certainly.
yes, of course.
sure.
go ahead, please.
否定回答
no, you can't. （最常見）
no, you mustn't. （具有強烈禁止的意思）
please don't. you'd better not.
i don't think you can.
i'm sorry it's not allowed.
2.表示推測，可譯為“可能，也許”。
your math teacher maymight be in his office. 你們的數(shù)學老師可能在辦公室里。（一般情況下，might表示的可能性很小）
the light isn't on. it maymight be broken.
那盞燈沒有亮，它可能壞了。
there may might be some ink left in the bottle.
瓶子里也許還剩點兒墨水。
注意：
用may表示推測一般不用于疑問句，在疑問句中通常用can來代替。
can he be at home
他可能在家嗎？
--- can it be true
這可能是真的嗎？
--- it may be, or may not be.
可能是，也可能不是。
3.用在目的狀語從句中，構成謂語。
he wants to take a taxi so that he may get there in time.
他想坐出租車，這樣他就能及時到達那里。
i arrived at the airport earlier in order that i might meet him.
我早早地就到了機場為了能接到他。
4. 有時可以用于祈使句表示祝愿。
may you succeed.
祝你成功
may you be happy.
祝你快樂。
may that day come soon.
希望這一天早日到來。
b. can和could
1. 表示能力，可譯為“能，會”。
i can swim. 我會游泳。
emily can dance well and her mother could dance well when she was young.
艾米麗舞跳得很好，她媽媽年輕時舞跳得也很好。
the cinema can seat 1,000 people.
這電影院能容納1，000人。
i could not read such an easy book when i was 7 years old.
我七歲時連如此簡單的書我也看不懂。
2. 表示允許、許可，常用在口語中。could比can語氣上要客氣。
--- could i use your dictionary
我可以用一下你的字典嗎？
---yes, go ahead.
可以，用吧。（或yes, you can. 但不能說yes, you could.）
could can you tell me how to get to the zoo
勞駕，你能告訴我怎么去動物園嗎？
he asked me whether he could take the book out of the reading room.
他問我可不可以把書帶出閱覽室。
3.表示推測，可用于肯定句（can罕見）、否定句和疑問句，但更常見于疑問句或否定句。在此種用法中can和could沒有時態(tài)的區(qū)別，只是表示可能性的大小，can表示推測的可能性比could大。
can he be ill at home
他會是生病在家嗎？
can the story be true
這個故事會是真的嗎？
he cannot be at home.
他不可能在家。
you mustn't smoke while you are walking around in the woods. you could start a fire.
在林子里走時一定不要吸煙，那樣可能會引起火災。
4.表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度，主要用于否定句和疑問句中。
how can you be so careless
你怎么這么粗心？
where can could they have gone
他們會去了哪里？
he can'tcouldn't be over sixty.
他不可能超過60歲。
5.could可以用在虛擬條件句中。
if i could fly, i should be very happy.
如果我能飛， 我會很高興。
if you had followed my advice, you could have finished it.
如果你當時聽我的，你早就做完了。
if you had tried harder, you could have passed your exam.
如果你再努力些，你就能通過考試了。
6.can與be able to的區(qū)別
①can表示“能力”時，和be able to相當，許多場合都可以互相替換。但當敘述過去經(jīng)過一番努力才能完成的事情或前面有特殊說明，表示你有能力時，只能用be able to。
【正】can you speak any foreign languages
你會說外語嗎？
【正】are you able to speak any foreign languages
你會說外語嗎？
【誤】the fire spread the building quickly but everybody could escape.
【正】the fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to escape.
大火迅速蔓延到整幢大樓，但大家都逃了出來。
【正】the fire spread the building quickly but everybody managed to escape.
大火迅速蔓延到整幢大樓，但大家都想法逃了出來。
②be able to 比can有更多形式。
no one could answer the question.
沒人能回答這個問題。（這里could可用was able to 代替）
when he grows up, he will be able to support his family.
他長大后就能養(yǎng)家了。
frank is ill. he hasn't been able to go to school for one week.
弗蘭克病了，已經(jīng)一周沒去上學了。
i'm sorry for not being able to help you in time.
對不起，不能及時幫你的忙。
③could經(jīng)常和動詞see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand等連用。
when we went into the house, we could smell something burning.
當我們走進屋子時，我們聞到什么東西燒焦了。（不用was able to）
she spoke in a very low voice, but i could understand what she said.
雖然她講話的聲音很低，但我還是明白了她說的話。
④在談論說話時發(fā)生的動作，用can，不用be able to。
【誤】look! i'm able to swim.
【正】look! i can swim.
看，我會游泳了！
c.must和have to
1.must表示有做某一動作的必要或義務，強調(diào)主觀看法，可譯為“必須，應該”。
everyone must obey the rule.
人人都必須遵守制度。
we must do everything step by step.
我們必須逐步做每件事。
teachers must be patient enough with their students.
老師必須對學生有足夠的耐心。
2.have to 表示因客觀需要促使主語不得不做某事。
you can't turn right here. you have to turn left.
你不能在這里右拐，你必須左拐。
my eyesight is very poor. i have to wear glasses for reading.
我的視力很差，看書時不得不戴眼鏡。
you have to pass a test before you can get a driving licence.
你在取得駕照之前必須先通過考試。
提示：
在口語中，我們可以使用have got to來代替have to.
i've got to work on sunday.
我不得不星期天工作。
when has ann got to go
安必須什么時候走？
3.must 與have to的比較。
must 與have to在表示“必須”這個意思時意義相近，但在用法上有所區(qū)別。
①must含有說話者的強烈決意（表示主觀的看法），have to 則表示外力環(huán)境或習慣使然（即表示客觀的必要，作“不得不”解）。
i must study hard.
我必須努力學習。（發(fā)自內(nèi)心的決定）
i have to study hard.
我不得不努力學習。（外界因素逼迫）
you must stay for supper.
你必須留下來吃晚飯。（because i want you to）
you have to stay for supper.
你得留下來吃晚飯。（because there is nowhere else to go）
②must只有一種形式，而have to可有多種時態(tài)。
they had to put off the sports meet due to the bad weather.
由于壞天氣，他們不得不推遲運動會。
these last two days he has had to take a rest at home.
這兩天他必須一直在家休息。
③must的否定式和have to的否定式的意思完全不同。
you must keep it a secret. you mustn't tell anyone.
你必須保密，你不可以告訴任何人。（mustn't表示“禁止”）
you don't have to tell me the secret. 你不必告訴我這個秘密。
（don't have to意思是“沒有必要”= don't need to）
4.must用于表示推測，它的肯定程度比may, might, could大得多，一般只用于肯定句。
①must do (這里的do通常是狀態(tài)動詞或系動詞) ，表示對現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)的推測。
he must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy.
他肯定很懶，因為他的課桌很不整潔。
carol must get very bored with her job. she does the same thing every day.
卡羅爾肯定對她的工作厭煩了，她每天都做同樣的事。
②must be doing表示對現(xiàn)在動作或狀態(tài)的推測。
put on more clothes. you must be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
多穿點兒衣服，你只穿一件襯衣，肯定覺得冷。
③must have done表示對過去的動作或狀態(tài)的推測。
the ground is wet. it must have rained last night.
地面是濕的，昨晚肯定下雨了。
i didn't hear the phone. i must have been asleep.
我沒聽見電話鈴響，我一定是睡著了。
提示：
must表示推測只用于肯定句，否定句和疑問句要用can, could來代替must。
he's just had his lunch. he can't be hungry already.
他剛吃過午飯，不會餓的。
they have just arrived here. they can't know many people.
他們剛到這里，不可能認識很多人。
leslie walked past me without speaking. he can'tcouldn't have seen me.
萊斯利從我身邊走過而沒打招呼，他肯定沒看見我。
5.must可用來表示根據(jù)邏輯推理必然要發(fā)生的事，可譯為“必然會，總是會”。
we all must die.
我們都會死。
truth must be out.
真相必然會大白的。
winter must be followed by spring.
冬天到了，春天還會遠嗎？
6.must有時可用來表示“偏偏”的意思。
why must it rain today
為什么偏偏在今天下雨？
when i was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.
正當我午睡時，偏偏一個學生在這個時候來敲門。
情態(tài)動詞 篇5
英語詞法專題講座十：情態(tài)動詞
一.情態(tài)動詞的用法
1. can 用法
1）表示能力，與be able to同義，但can只用于現(xiàn)在時和過去時，be able to可用于各種時態(tài)。
two eyes can see more than one.
注：can you … ? yes, i can / no, i can’t.
2). 表示允許、請求
用could比can 語氣更加委婉客氣，常用于could i /you …..? 句型中，若表示同意時，用can回答而不用could.
could i borrow the book ? no, you can’t.
3). 表示推測 “可能”常用于否定句或疑問句中。（can’t表示一定不是）
it can’t be true.
can it be true?
2. may 用法
1）表允許，請求= can
表示許可或征求對方的許可，常于第一人稱連用。
注：may i ….? yes, you may. no, you can’t / mustn’t.
在回答以may引起的問句時，多避免用這個詞，而用其它方式，如yes, please. / certainly.
2）表推測，可能、也許。常用于肯定句中。
maybe he knows the news. =
he _____ _____ the news.
3. must
1）表示義務。意為“必須”（主觀意志）。
we must do everything step by step.
注：must i ….? yes, you must / no, you needn’t (don’t have to ).
--must we hand in our exercise—books now?
--no, you needn’t. / no, you don’t have to.
2）mustn’t 表禁止、不允許。
you mustn’t talk to her like that.
3）表示揣測。意為“想必、準是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。否定、疑問句中must改為can.
he must be ill. he looks so pale.
she’s wearing a diamond necklace. she must have a lot of money.
注：must表推測時，其反義疑問句與must后面的動詞一致。
there must be something wrong, ____ ____?
4. need的用法
need既可用作情態(tài)動詞，也可用作實義動詞。用作情態(tài)動詞時，主要否定句或疑問句中。用作實義動詞時，可用于各種句式。
1). 用作情態(tài)動詞，用于否定句和疑問句中。
a). need i ….? yes, you must / no, you needn’t .
need we finish the work today ? yes you __?
a. need b. can c. may d. must
b). need + do sth . 變否定句：needn’t do sth
變疑問句：need sb do sth ?
2). 用作實義動詞
a). need + to do sth . we need _______(buy) some school things .
變否定句：don’t /doesn’t /didn’t +need to do sth .
變疑問句：do / does /did sb + need to sth ?
yes , … do/ does / did no, sb don’t / doesn’t /didn’t.
you don’t need to do it yourself.
b). 當主語是物時。sth + need + doing sth = sth +need to be done .
the table needs painting. =the table needs _____ _____ _____ .
5. had better 的用法
1). had better + 動詞原形 = it’s best to do sth.
you had better ______ (stay )at home. = _____ ______ ______ stay at home.
2). had better not +動詞原形
we had better ________(not play ) the computer games.
6. must 與have to
1). 一般情況下，兩者可互換。 must = have to
2). must “必須，應該”表示說話人的主觀看法，即說話人認為必須干某事。
（內(nèi)在原因）
have to “必須，不得不”強調(diào)客觀需要，即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。（外界原因）
i can’t stop playing the computer games. for your health, i’m afraid you ______.
a. can b. may c. must d. had to
二.情態(tài)動詞后跟完成式和進行式的用法
1. 情態(tài)動詞后跟完成式，表“原本應該干某事，而實際上沒干”
i should have finished the work earlier.
he isn’t here. he must have missed the train.
2. 情態(tài)動詞后跟進行式，表示“想必正在……”，“可能正在……”，“應當正在”等意。
it’s twelve o’clock. they must be having lunch.
they may be discussing this problem.
he can’t be telling the truth.
she shouldn’t be working like that. she’s still so weak.
三.情態(tài)動詞的同義轉換.
1. can = be able to
2. must = have to
3. needn’t = don’t have to
4. need do sth = need to do sth .
情態(tài)動詞 篇6
1 情態(tài)動詞的語法特征
1） 情態(tài)動詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計某事的發(fā)生。
2） 情態(tài)動詞 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不帶to 的不定式。
3） 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。
4） 情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞，等形式。
2 比較can 和be able to
1）can could 表示能力；可能 (過去時用could),
只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could)。be able to可以用于各種時態(tài)。
they will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。
2）只用be able to
a. 位于助動詞后。
b. 情態(tài)動詞后。
c. 表示過去某時刻動作時。
d. 用于句首表示條件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事時，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。
he was able to flee europe before the war broke out.
= he managed to flee europe before the war broke out.
注意：could不表示時態(tài)
1）提出委婉的請求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。
--- could i have the television on?
--- yes, you can. / no, you can't.
2）在否定，疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。
he couldn't be a bad man.
他不大可能是壞人。
3 比較may和might
1） 表示允許或請求；表示沒有把握的推測；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。
may god bless you!
he might be at home.
注意： might 表示推測時，不表示時態(tài)。只是可能性比may 小。
2） 成語： may/might as well，后面接不帶to 的不定式，意為"不妨"。
if that is the case, we may as well try.
典型例題
peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
a. must b. may c. can d. will
答案b. 表可能性只能用may. 此句意可從后半句推出。
4 比較have to和must
1) 兩詞都是'必須'的意思，have to 表示客觀的需要， must 表示說話人主觀上的看法，既主觀上的必要。
my brother was very ill, so i had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。(客觀上需要做這件事)
he said that they must work hard. 他說他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事）
2) have to有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。但must 可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務。
he had to look after his sister yesterday.
3） 在否定結構中： don't have to 表示"不必"
mustn't 表示"禁止"，
you don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告訴他。
you mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把這件事告訴他。
5 must表示推測
1) must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測，意為"一定"。
2) must表對現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測時， must 后面通常接系動詞be 的原形或行為動詞的進行式。
you have worked hard all day.you must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（對現(xiàn)在情況的推測判斷）
he must be working in his office. 他一定在辦公室工作呢。
比較：
he must be staying there.
他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。
he must stay there.
他必須呆在那。
3) must 表示對已發(fā)生的事情的推測時，must 要接完成式。
i didn't hear the phone. i must have been asleep. 我剛才沒有聽到電話，我想必是睡著了。
4) must表示對過去某時正發(fā)生的事情的推測，must 后面要接不定式的完成進行式。
---why didn't you answer my phone call?
---well, i must have been sleeping, so i didn't hear it.
5) 否定推測用 can't。
if tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果湯姆五點才離開這兒，他此時一定還未到家。
6 表示推測的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推測，其用法如下：
1）情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形。
表示對現(xiàn)在或將來的情況的推測，此時動詞通常為系動詞。
i don't know where she is, she may be in wuhan.
2）情態(tài)動詞+動詞現(xiàn)在進行時。
表示對現(xiàn)在或將來正在進行的情況進行推測。
at this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
這時，我們老師想必在批改試卷。
3）情態(tài)動詞+動詞完成時。
表示對過去情況的推測。
we would have finished this work by the end of next december.
明年十二月底前我們很可能已完成這項工作了。
the road is wet. it must have rained last night.
地是濕的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4）情態(tài)動詞+動詞的現(xiàn)在完成進行時。
表示對過去正在發(fā)生事情的推測。
your mother must have been looking for you.
你媽媽一定一直在找你。
5）推測的否定形式，疑問形式用can't, couldn't表示。
mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因為早上他是坐公共汽車來上班的。
注意：could, might表示推測時不表示時態(tài)，其推測的程度不如 can, may。
7 情態(tài)動詞+ have +過去分詞
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示過去，推測過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情。
philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2) must have +done sth，對過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測，語氣較強，具有"肯定"，"諒必"的意思。
--- linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
---she must have gone by bus.
3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth
本應該做某事，而事實上并沒有做。否定句表示"不該做某事而做了"。
you ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
he ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事實上已扔了。）
ought to 在語氣上比should 要強。
4) needn't have done sth 本沒必要做某事
i dressed very warmly for the trip, but i needn't have done so. the weather was hot.
5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事
i would like to have read the article, but i was very busy then.
8 should 和ought to
should 和ought to 都為"應該"的意思，可用于各種人稱。
---ought he to go?
---yes. i think he ought to.
表示要求，命令時，語氣由 should（應該）、had better最好）、must（必須）漸強。
9 had better表示"最好"
had better 相當于一個助動詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動詞原形。
had better do sth
had better not do sth
it is pretty cold. you'd better put on my coat.
she'd better not play with the dog.
had better have done sth表示與事實相反的結果，意為"本來最好"。
you had better have come earlier.
10 would rather表示"寧愿"
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 寧愿……而不愿。
還有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"寧愿"、"寧可"的意思。
if i have a choice, i had sooner not continue my studies at this school.
i would rather stay here than go home. = i would stay here rather than go home.
典型例題
---- shall we go skating or stay at home?
----which ___ do?
a. do you rather b. would you rather c. will you rather d. should you rather
答案b。本題考查情態(tài)動詞rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意為"寧愿"，本題為疑問句， would 提前，所以選b。
11 will和would
注意：
1）would like； would like to do = want to 想要，為固定搭配。
would you like to go with me?
2）will you…? would you like…? 表示肯定含義的請求勸說時，疑問句中一般用some, 而不是any。
would you like some cake?
3）否定結構中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一種委婉語氣。
won't you sit down?
12 情態(tài)動詞的回答方式
問句 肯定回答 否定回答
need you…? yes, i must. no,i needn't
must you…? /don't have to.
典型例題
1）---could i borrow your dictionary?
---yes, of course, you____.
a. might b. will c. can d. should
答案c.could表示委婉的語氣，并不為時態(tài)。答語中of course，表示肯定的語氣，允許某人做某事時，用can和 may來表達，不能用could或might。復習： will 與you連用，用來提出要求或下命令。should與you 連用，用來提出勸告。
2）---shall i tell john about it?
---no, you ___. i've told him already.
a. needn't b. wouldn't c. mustn't d. shouldn't
答案a。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 將不, 不會的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不應該。本題為不需要，不必的意思，應用needn't。
3）---don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
a. i don't b. i won't c. i can't d. i haven't
答案b. will既可當作情態(tài)動詞，表請求、建議、也可作為實義動詞表"意愿、意志、決心"，本題表示決心，選b。
13 帶to 的情態(tài)動詞
帶to 的情態(tài)動詞有四個：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to，為六個。它們的疑問，否定形式應予以注意：
do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
she didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
you ought not to have told her all about it.
ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?
ought to 本身作為情態(tài)動詞使用。其他的詞作為實義動詞使用，變疑問，否定時，須有do
等助動詞協(xié)助。
典型例題
tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
a.have told b.tell c.be telling d. having told
答案a。由于后句為過去時，告訴秘密的動作又發(fā)生在其前因，此地應用過去完成時，但它在情態(tài)動詞 ought to 后，所以用 have。
14 比較need和dare
這兩詞既可做實義動詞用，又可做情態(tài)動詞用。作為情態(tài)動詞，兩者都只能用于疑問句，否定句和條件句。 need 作實義動詞時后面的不定式必須帶to，而dare作實義動詞用時, 后面的to 時常可以被省略。
1) 實義動詞： need （需要, 要求）
need + n. / to do sth
2) 情態(tài)動詞： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式為need not。
need you go yet?
yes, i must. / no, i needn't.
3) need 的被動含義：need, want, require, worth（形容詞）后面接doing也可以表示被動：
need doing = need to be done
情態(tài)動詞 篇7
情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對動作或狀態(tài)的各種觀點和態(tài)度，如需要、猜測、意愿或懷疑等。情態(tài)動詞有詞義，但不完全，是所謂的“輔助性”動詞，在句中不能單獨充當謂語。
一、 情態(tài)動詞的特征和形式
a. 情態(tài)動詞的各種形式見下表：
情態(tài)動詞
may
might
can
could
must
have to
ought to
will
would
shall
should
need
dare
used to
否定式
may not
might not
cannotcan not
could not
must not
do not have to
ought not to
will not
would not
shall not
should not
need not
dare not
used not to
did not use to
簡略否定式
mayn't（老式英語，現(xiàn)在不常見）
mightn't
can't
couldn't
mustn't
don't have to
oughtn't to （否定句中to可省略）
won't
wouldn't
shan't （只用于英國英語）
shouldn't
needn't
daren't
usedn't to
didn't use to
b.情態(tài)動詞除ought to, used to等外，后面只接不帶to的不定式。
1.情態(tài)動詞+do
you shouldn't be so careless. 你不該這樣粗心大意。
jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip.
杰西卡昨天告訴他，她可能不去旅行了。
difficulties can and must be overcome.
困難能夠而且必須克服。
2.情態(tài)動詞+be doing
she must be listening to pop music.
她肯定在聽流行音樂。
you should be reviewing your lessons.
你應該在復習功課。
my mother maymight be cooking now.
我媽媽可能正在做飯。
3.情態(tài)動詞+have done
they might have visited the great wall.
他們可能參觀過長城了。
he must have got up very early to catch the train.
他一定起得很早去趕火車了。
you ought to have come earlier.
你本該早一點兒來。
4.情態(tài)動詞+be done
this word can also be used as a verb.
這個詞也可以用作動詞。
something must be done to stop pollution.
必須采取措施來制止污染。
the work ought to have been finished long ago.
這工作早就該完成了。
c. 情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)一般現(xiàn)在時沒有詞形變化。
you ought to wear a raincoat.
你應該穿件雨衣。
she ought to wear a raincoat.
她應該穿件雨衣。
plants must have oxygen in order to live.
為了存活植物必須有氧氣。
a plant must have oxygen in order to live.
為了存活植物必須有氧氣。
d. 情態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)并不是區(qū)分時間的主要標志。在一些場合中，情態(tài)動詞的現(xiàn)在式和過去式都可以表示現(xiàn)在時間、過去時間或將來時間。
i'm afraid it might rain tonight.
我看今晚可能要下雨。
could i borrow your thermos
我可以借用你的暖水瓶嗎？
it's a nice day today. we could go for a walk.
今天天氣不錯，我們可以出去散散步。
e. 情態(tài)動詞是互相排斥的，一般不允許兩個意義相近的情態(tài)動詞連用。
【誤】soldiers must have to obey orders.
【正】soldiers have to obey orders.
軍人必須服從命令。
【正】soldiers must obey orders.
軍人必須服從命令。
【誤】can i be able to borrow two books at a time
【正】can i borrow two books at a time
我能一次借兩本書嗎？
【正】will i be able to borrow two books at a time
我能一次借兩本書嗎？
情態(tài)動詞 篇8
XX高考二輪復習英語考案: 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣
【專題考案】
1. —that must be a mistake.
—no, it _____ a mistake.
a. must not be b. needn’t be c. cannot be d. would not be
2. —_____ i water the trees on tuesday?
—no, you needn’t.
a. can b. must c. may d. shall
3. he _____ not pay unless he is punished to pay.
a. shall b. will c. can d. would
4. i _____ such a mistake again.
a. shall never make b. may never make
c. can never do d. need never do
5. —_____ i turn on the radio?
—you’d better not. it is noisy enough in this room.
a. shall b. must c. need d. do
6. let’s go to the library this afternoon, _____?
a. shall we b. will we c. can we d. should we
7. where are my keys? i _____ lost them.
a. ought to b. should have c. will have d. must have
8. even if he has time, he _____ shopping in town on sunday.
a. won’t go b. will go c. won’t go to d. doesn’t go
9. he _____ finished earlier.
a. shall have b. ought to c. could have d. must have
10. in case i _____, i would try again.
a. will fail b. would miss c. should fail d. shall miss
11. since the road is wet this morning, _____ last night.
a. it must rain b. it must have rained
c. it must be rained d. it must have been rained
12. he asked me if he _____ open the window.
a. shall b. would c. will d. should
13. everyone _____ do his best to make the world safe and clean.
a. can b. may c. should d. had to
14. _____ to have lunch with us today?
a. do you like b. would you like c. will you like d. have you like
15. —will you lend me your book?
—yes, i _____.
a. will b. need c. can d. must
16. if i had time, _____ see that new movie at the capital theater.
a. i will b. i may c. i shall d. i would
17. the english of her composition is too good. she can’t _____ it herself.
a. have to write b. have written c. write d. be written
18. you _____ the look on his face when he won the lottery.
a. would have seen b. can be seeing c. must see d. may see
19. the light is out in her room; she _____ to bed.
a. must have gone b. had gone c. must be going d. must go
20. they _____ that far; but they stopped to have a snack on the way.
a. might be gone b. needed go c. could have gone d. ought have gone
21. he _____ to the farm yesterday.
a. need go b. needed go c. has to go d. had to go
22. he is so strong that i _____ fight against him.
a. dare not b. did dare not c. didn’t dare to d. dare not to
23. i couldn’t _____ cry while i was watching the movie “to live a. help to b. help c. help but to d. help but
24. they asked tom to give him a drink, but he _____.
a. hadn’t b. wasn’t c. wouldn’t d. could
25. as physics is hard enough, i _____ study it.
a. am not able b. couldn’t c. am not able to d. cannot
26. you _____ to the meeting this morning if you have something important to doa. needn’t to come b. don’t need come
c. don’t need coming d. needn’t come
27. _____ you fetch me some hot water?
a. can b. may c. must d. might
28. you _____ get down the bus until the bus has stopped.
a. can’t b. needn’t c. mustn’t d. don’t
29. —would you come and join us?
—i wish i _____. i am busy at the moment.
a. can b. could c. would d. should
30. you _____ right, but i don’t think you are.
a. may be b. could be c. would be d. should be
31. she looks so sad. she _____ ill.
a. can be b. should be c. must be d. will be
32. he _____ away. we don’t see him anywhere around.
a. may go b. must go c. can go d. must have gone
33. he is much richer than what he _____.
a. would be b. must be c. used to be d. could be
34. the little kid _____ not touch the dog.
a. need b. dare c. ought d. could
35. i want to go to the hospital, but you _____ with me.
a. need to not to go b. do not need go c. need not go d. need go not
36. when he was old, mr smith _____ sit for hours without saying anything.
a. would b. should c. must d. will
37. mary _____ be in london because i saw her in town just now.
a. mustn’t b. isn’t able toc. may not d. cannot
38. the door is still closed. he _____ the key.
a. must have lost b. must lose c. need have lost d. can lost
39. the bus had left, so we _____ walk home.
a. have to b. ought c. had to d. must
40. you _____ see her, but i must.
a. haven’t b. cannot c. mustn’t d. needn’t
41. “ _____ you play baseball?” “ no, i _______”.
a. can; may b. can’t; can’t c. may; can’t d. can; can
42. “ ______ i hand in the paper this week?” “ no, you ______. you _____ hand it in next week.
a. must; needn’t; may b. will; mustn’t; ought to
c. shall; can’t; have to d. should; didn’t have to; can
43.there were already 4 people in the car but they managed to take john as well. it ______ a comfortable journey.
a. can’t be b. wouldn’t be
c. mustn’t have been d. couldn’t have been
44. it’s nearly eight o’clock. they ______ be here at any moment.
a. must b. can c. should d. need
45.“ ______ i take the magazine out of the reading room?” “ sorry, you _____.”
a. may; mustn’t b. must; can’t
c. will; didn’t have to c. can; aren’t able to
46. the boss say to the secretary, “ if you work well, you _____ have a rise.”
a. shall b. would c. must d. ought
47. let’s sing a song, ______ we?
a. will b. can’t c. shall d. do
48. “______ you go so soon?” “ no, i ______ go yet.”
a must; mustn’t b. shall; won’t c. can; may not d. must; needn’t
49. the book i borrowed from the library isn’t here. who __________?
a. could have taken it b. must have taken it
c. might take it d. should take it.
50. “ they went to the lecture, but it had been put off.” “ oh, so they _______.”
a. needn’t have gone b. should have gone
c. mustn’t have gone d. don’t need to go
51. “________ i have a glass of beer?” “ no, i’m afraid you ________.”
a. can’t; can’t b. could; won’t c. may; daren’t d. shall; may
52. “ isn’t that tom playing basketball?” “ it ______ be; he fell off the ladder yesterday and got badly hurt.”
a. mustn’t b. would rather not c. couldn’t d. wouldn’t
53. “ need he go?” “ yes, he ______.”
a. need b. can c. may d. must
54. tell me how you work out the answer, _______ you?
a. can b. will c. don’t d. shan’t
55. you promised your friend a letter; you ought to ______ days ago.
a. write b. be writing c. have written d. be written
56. the teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
a. must finish b. would be finished c. be finished d. must be finished
57. she made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ iraq.
a. leave; for b. leave; to c. left; to d. to be left; for 58. he is talking so much about america as if he _____ there.
a. had been b. has been c. was d. has gone
59. the young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
a. did; set b. had done; should be set
c. should do; be set d. had done; must be set
60. i suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____
a. can; it b. /; / c. would; it d. may; /
61. the suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.
a. for; to b. that; be c. which; should be d. to; being
62. the order came that the medical supplies _____ to beijing for the sars soon.
a. would be sent b. should send c. be sent d. must be sent
63. it is important that we _____ wild animals.
a. will protect b. should protect c. shall protect d. are protecting
64. had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
a. are b. were c. would be d. would have been
65. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
a. will there be b. should there be c. there will be d. there should be
66. _____ today, he would get there by friday.
a. would he leave b. was he leaving
c. were he to leave d. if he leave
67. should it rain, the crops _____ .
a. would be saved b. would have been saved
c. will be saved d. had been saved
68. you _____ come earlier. the bus left a moment ago.
a. would b. should have c. may d. have
69. he treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
a. i am b. i would be c. i was d. i were
70. i _____ you some money, but i hadn’t any on me then.
a. would lend b. would have lent c. could lend d. may have lent
71. a few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.
a. have caught b. had caught
c. could have caught d. were to catch
72. --- “have you ever been to beijing?”
--- “no, but i wish i _____”
a.have b.will c. do d. had
73. i’m glad i went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
a. i may have failed b. i’d fail
c. i’d have failed d. i’ll have failed
74. --- “what will you do during the summer holiday?”
--- “i don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
a. i’m deciding b. i’ll decide c. i decided d. i decide
75. what should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
a. should snow b. would snow c. snow d. will snow
76. if only i _____ my watch!
a. hadn’t lost b. haven’t lost c. didn’t lost d. don’t lose
77. you _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.
a. may not make b. might not make
c. shouldn’t have made d. might not have made
78. we _____ the work on time without your help.
a. hadn’t had finished b. didn’t have finished
c. couldn’t have finished d. can’t have finished
79. --- “where have you been?”
--- “i got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”
a. i would be here b. i have been here
c. i had been here d. i would have been here
80. if it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, i would ask you to do this right now.
a. were b. had been c. are d. should be
81. the teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
a. must finish b. would be finished c. be finished d. must be finished
82. she made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ iraq.
a. leave; for b. leave; to c. left; to d. to be left; for
83. he is talking so much about america as if he _____ there.
a. had been b. has been c. was d. has gone
84. the young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
a. did; set b. had done; should be set
c. should do; be set d. had done; must be set
85. i suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .
a. can; it b. /; / c. would; it d. may; /
86. the suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.
a. for; to b. that; be c. which; should bed. to; being
87. the order came that the medical supplies _____ to beijing for the sars soon.
a. would be sent b. should send c. be sent d. must be sent
88. it is important that we _____ wild animals.
a. will protect b. should protect c. shall protect d. are protecting
89. had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
a. are b. were c. would be d. would have been
90. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
a. will there be b. should there be c. there will be d. there should be
91. _____ today, he would get there by friday.
a. would he leave b. was he leaving
c. were he to leave d. if he leave
92. should it rain, the crops _____ .
a. would be saved b. would have been saved
c. will be saved d. had been saved
93. you _____ come earlier. the bus left a moment ago.
a. would b. should have c. may d. have
94. he treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
a. i am b. i would be c. i was d. i were
95. i _____ you some money, but i hadn’t any on me then.
a. would lend b. would have lent c. could lend d. may have lent
96. a few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.
a. have caught b. had caught c. could have caught d. were to catch
97. --- “have you ever been to beijing?”
--- “no, but i wish i _____”
a.have b.will c. do d. had
98. i’m glad i went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
a. i may have failed b. i’d fail
c. i’d have failed d. i’ll have failed
99. --- “what will you do during the summer holiday?”
--- “i don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
a. i’m deciding b. i’ll decide c. i decided d. i decide
100. what should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
a. should snow b. would snow c. snow d. will snow
101. if only i _____ my watch!
a. hadn’t lost b. haven’t lost c. didn’t lost d. don’t lose
102. you _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.
a. may not make b. might not make
c. shouldn’t have made d. might not have made
103. we _____ the work on time without your help.
a. hadn’t had finished b. didn’t have finished
c. couldn’t have finished d. can’t have finished
104. --- “where have you been?”
--- “i got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”
a. i would be here b. i have been here
c. i had been here d. i would have been here
105. if it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, i would ask you to do this right now.
a. were b. had been c. are d. should be
參考答案：1—5 cbbaa 6—10 adacc 11—15 bdcba 16—20 dbaac 21—25 dadcc 26—30 dacba 31—35 cdcbc 36—40 adacd 41-45 badca46-50 acdaa 51-55 acdbc 56-60. caabb 61-65. bcbcb 66-70.caabdb 71—75.cdcca 76-80.adcdc 81-85. caabb 86-90. bcbcb 91-95. caabdb 96—100. cdcca 101-105. adcdc
情態(tài)動詞 篇9
h.dare
dare既可用作情態(tài)動詞，也可用作行為動詞，指勇氣和膽量上的可能，可譯為“敢”。
1.情態(tài)動詞dare
①dare作為情態(tài)動詞時主要用于疑問句和否定句，一般不用于肯定句中。
i dare not daren't walk through the forest at night.
我不敢在黑夜穿過森林。
--- dare you walk through the forest at night
你敢在黑夜穿過森林嗎？
--- yes, i dare.
是的，我敢。
--- no, i daren't.
不，我不敢。
he dare not drive too fast on the rainy day.
下雨天他不敢開得太快。
he dared not do it last year.
去年他不敢做這事。（dare的過去時為dared）
②可以用于表示懷疑的名詞性從句中。
i wonder how he dare say such things.
我真奇怪他怎么竟敢說出這樣的話。
we don't know whether he dare climb the mountain.
我們不知道他是否敢爬那座山。
③可以用于條件狀語從句中。
if the enemy dare enter the village, we'll fight against them to the end.
如果敵人敢進入村里，我們就和他們戰(zhàn)斗到底。
if you dare cheat in your exam, i will give you some punishment.
如果你們敢在考試中作弊，我就懲罰你們。
2.行為動詞dare
① dare可以作為行為動詞，多用于肯定句中，但也可用在疑問句和否定句中
he will dare any danger.
他敢面對任何危險。
he dared me to jump over the stream.
他激我跳過小溪。
did anyone dare to admit it
有人敢于承認嗎？
i have never dared (to) go back to take a look.
我再也不敢返回去看一眼了。（否定句中to可省略）
②和其他行為動詞一樣，dare在句子中要隨著主語的人稱和數(shù)發(fā)生變化。
he doesn't dare to walk at night.
他不敢走夜路。（作行為動詞）
he daren't walk at night.
他不敢走夜路。（作情態(tài)動詞）
does he dare to walk at night
他敢走夜路嗎？（作行為動詞）
dare he walk at night
他敢走夜路嗎？（作情態(tài)動詞）
he didn't dare to walk at night fifteen years ago.
XX年前他不敢走夜路。（作行為動詞）
he daren't walk (=dared not walk) at night fifteen years ago.
XX年前他不敢走夜路。（作情態(tài)動詞）
will you dare to do the same experiment tomorrow
明天你敢做同樣的實驗嗎？（作行為動詞）
dare you do the same experiment tomorrow？
明天你敢做同樣的實驗嗎？ （作情態(tài)動詞）
必背：
英語口語中dare的幾個常用結構：
● i dare say...
我想, 大概, 可能, 或許……
i dare say things will improve.
我想情況會好轉的。
● how dare you ...
你怎么敢……？
how dare you ask me such a question
你怎么敢問我這樣的問題？
● i dare you ...
我諒你也不敢……
i dare you to tell your parents!
我諒你也不敢告訴你父母！
i.need
1.情態(tài)動詞need
need 和dare一樣，作為情態(tài)動詞時，主要用于否定句和疑問句，一般不用于肯定句中（在肯定句中常被 must, have to, ought to, should等情態(tài)動詞取代）。作為情態(tài)動詞，它的詞形只有need一種形式。
you needn't return the book now. you can keep it till next week if you like. 你現(xiàn)在不必還書， 如果愿意，你可以下周還。（needn't = don't have to）
need i hand in my homework now
我現(xiàn)在就要交家庭作業(yè)嗎？
--- need he finish the article next week
他要下個星期完成這篇文章嗎？
--- yes, he must.
是的，他必須完成。
--- no, he needn't.
不，他不需要。（= he doesn't have to）
2.行為動詞need
need和dare一樣，也可以作行為動詞，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑問句中。行為動詞need有人稱和數(shù)的變化。
plant needs water.
植物需要水。
my shirt needs a button.
我的襯衫需要一枚鈕扣。
my car needs repairing.
我的車該修理了。
he has grown up. we don't need to worry about him.
他已經(jīng)長大了，我們不必為他擔心。
you don't need to buy so many things for the picnic.
你不必為這次野餐買這么多東西。
patience is needed for that job.
干那工作，需要耐心。
提示：
need作為情態(tài)動態(tài)時，不要用于肯定句中。
【誤】she need do her homework by herself. (need作為情態(tài)動詞時，不用于肯定句中)
【正】she needs to do her homework by herself.
她該獨立完成家庭作業(yè)。
情態(tài)動詞 篇10
第九章 情態(tài)動詞
我們使用語言有時需要提出要求、意向或建議，有時需要表達我們的愿望和打算。我們也可能想更禮貌一些，更得體一些。為了表達上述意義我們需要一組叫情態(tài)動詞的動詞。情態(tài)動詞有時又叫情態(tài)助動詞。情態(tài)動詞本身雖有一定詞義，但不能獨立用作謂語、也沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，其后一定要跟隨動詞原形，共同構成復合謂語。
一、情態(tài)動詞的特點及形式
情態(tài)動詞是用于表示說話人的某種感情或語氣的詞類，有自己的詞義，但是不能單獨作謂語 ，而必須與其他原形動詞共同構成謂語。
情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化(因此單數(shù)第三人稱不加s)，有過去式，但無分詞形式。
經(jīng)常使用的情態(tài)動詞有：can, may, must, ought to, will, shall, would, should, need , dare等。它們的不同形式分別表示請求、允諾、愿望、命令、能力、需要、拒絕等情感和態(tài)度。
例如：
you may come in now.
你現(xiàn)在可以進來。(表示“許可”)
the schoolbag can hold so many books.
這個書包能裝下這么多的書。(表示“能夠”)
you must be here on time.
你必須準時到這兒。(表示“必須”)
you mustn't make a friend with such a man.
你絕不能與這樣的人交朋友。(表示“禁止”)
二、情態(tài)動詞的用法
1.can, could, be able to
(1)can表示能力，其疑問形式表示請求，其否定形式常表示猜測。can只有現(xiàn)在時和過去時 兩種形式，其他時態(tài)只能用be able to進行表達。
can i sit here?
我可以坐在這里嗎?(表示“請求”)
she could play the violin well when she was a little girl. (表示“過去的能力”)
她很小的時候就能出色地演奏小提琴了。
they have not been able to beat the brazilian team.
他們沒有能夠打敗巴西隊。(完成時用be able to表示)
she can't be there now.
她現(xiàn)在不可能在那里。(表示“猜測”)
(2)could用于疑問句，表示比can更為客氣的語氣；could用于肯定句可以表示沒有多大把握 的猜測或表示過去曾有過的能力；could還可用于虛擬語 氣表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反的假設。
could i sit here?
我可以坐在這里嗎?(比can更為客氣的請求)
she could be serious, but i don't think so.
她可能是認真的，但我不這樣認為。
we wish we could go to the moon like the two americans.
我們要是能像那兩個美國人一樣也去月球看看多好啊。(虛擬語氣)
she could type 100 words within one minute in her twenties.
她二十多歲的時候，能夠在一分鐘之內(nèi)打一百個字。(表示過去的能力)
(3)was (were) able to與could的區(qū)別是表示不但有能力，而且曾經(jīng)做過某件事情。
he was able to swim across the yangtze river last summer.
他去年夏天能夠游過長江。
he was able to leave germany for america during the world war 2.
在二戰(zhàn)期間，他設法離開德國去了美國。
2.may， might
may用于陳述句表示“可以”，“允許”的意思；還可以表示“可能”。例如：
you may sit down.
你可以坐下。(表示“允許”)
you may be correct.
你可能是正確的。(表示“猜測”)
may用于疑問句表示“請求”；用于否定句表示說話人“不允許”，“不許可”。
may i take the dictionary away?
我可以把這本詞典拿走嗎?(表示“請求”)
you may not take it away.
=i don't want you to take it away.
我不允許你把它拿走。(表示“拒絕”)
注意：may引導的疑問句，肯定回答用：yes, you may.否定回答用： no, you mustn't. (no, you can't或no, you had better not.)表示“千萬不要”，“不可 以”，“禁止”的意思。
may i come in?
我可以進來嗎?
yes, please. no, you mustn't.
請進。 不，不行。
might(could)用于一般現(xiàn)在時，表示更為委婉和禮貌的語氣。
i'm afraid it might rain this evening.
我看今晚恐怕要下雨。
might i ask a question?
我可以提個問題嗎?
might可用于表示與現(xiàn)在的事實相反情況的虛擬語氣。
if the boy were older, he might understand.
要是這孩子年齡再大一些，他就可能懂了。
if i were you, i might finish it earlier.
如果我是你，我會更早一些干完這件事。
may和 might用于從句中表示目的，意為“以便能……”、“使……可以”。he wrote down my address so that he might remember it well.他把我的地址寫下來了，以便能記住。
3.must, have to
must強調(diào)個人的意志和主觀的決心，意為“一定，必須”； have to側重于客觀上 的必要，強調(diào)客觀條件作用的結果，意為“務必，不得不”。如果用于過去時或將來時 ，要用have to來代替，但must可用于間接引語，表示過去的必要和義務。
you must stop smoking.
你必須把煙戒掉。(強調(diào)主觀意志)
you must complete the painting before next friday.
你必須在下星期五以前完成這幅畫。(強調(diào)主觀)
i have to stop the car and wait for the policeman.
我不得不停車等那個警察。(強調(diào)客觀)
there was little time left and she had to drive quickly to the airport.
剩下的時間不多了，她只得開快點趕往機場。(用于一般過去時)
you'll have to wait for me for a little while tomorrow.
你明天得稍微等我一會兒。(用于將來時)
she said she must do well in her english.
她說她必須要把英語學好。(用于間接引語)
must構成的疑問句，回答的否定形式經(jīng)常是needn't或don't have to，意為“不必要”，“不用……”，而不說mustn't(除非特別強調(diào))。
must i hand it in before five?
我必須在五點鐘以前把它交上去嗎?
yes, you must. no, you needn't.
是的，必須交。 不，用不著。
must的肯定句，還經(jīng)常用于表示推測。
he must be at home.
他肯定在家里呢。(對現(xiàn)在情況的推測)
they must have gone back to their hometown.
他們一定是回老家去了。(對過去的事的推測)
they must be repairing your car at the garage.
他們肯定在車間修你的車呢。(對現(xiàn)在的行為的推測)
4.need
need可以作情態(tài)動詞使用，也可作行為動詞使用。
作為情態(tài)動詞使用，need沒有時態(tài)與人稱的變化，并且多在否定句，疑問句和條件句中使 用，含義為“需要，必須”。
you need not hand in the exercise today.
你不必今天交作業(yè)。(=i don't think you need hand in the exercise today.)
need we find time to go into the question?
要不要我們找時間把這個問題深入研究一下?
(=do you think we need find time to go into the question?)
if you need repair your car, come to me.
如果你需要修車，就來找我。
need 作情態(tài)動詞時的用法，情態(tài)need 表需要，沒有時態(tài)、數(shù)、人稱，其后直接跟動詞，用于疑問和否定。
注意：①need作為情態(tài)動詞，一般不在肯定句中使用。在肯定句 中通常用must, have to, ought to, should等。例如：
need i tell mr. li about it?
我是否需要把這件事情告訴李先生?
(否定回答)no, you needn't.
不，沒有必要。
(肯定回答)yes, you must. you must tell him about it.
是的，你必須把這件事情告訴他。
②這里“need i...?”與“must i...?”在意思上差別不大，因此回答也是一樣的，肯定為 must，否定用needn't。
③needn't+ have done表示“做了本不需要做的事”。例如：
you needn't have completed so many exercises.
你本來不必完成這么多習題。(實際已經(jīng)做完了)
she need't have gone there with him.
她本來沒有必要和他一塊去那里。(實際已去了)
need作實義動詞(或稱行為動詞)使用時，其句型變化與其他行為動詞一樣，要加助動詞do , does, did等等。例如：
i need your help.
我需要你的幫助。
do you need anything to eat?
你要不要吃點東西?
she doesn't need to take any medicine.
她不需要吃藥。
注意：
need作為動詞使用，賓語可以是動名詞或不定式；動名詞用主動形式，而不定式一定要接用被動形式。例如：
this car needs repairing.
(=this car needs to be repaired.)
這輛汽車需要修理。
does this shirt need washing?
(=does this shirt need to be washed?）
這件襯衣需要洗嗎?
5.should， would
should后接原形動詞表示應該做某事或承擔責任、義務；should還可以表示一種推測。
例如：
you should work harder and pass the exam.
你應該更加努力，通過考試。(表示應該)
he should brush his teeth before going to bed.
他應該睡覺以前把牙刷一下。(表示應該)
she should have arrived in hong kong by this time.
她這時候已經(jīng)到香港了。(表示推測)
the book is written by a famous professor, so it should be selling well.
(表示推測)
這本書是一位著名教授寫的，應該很有賣點。
would有兩種用法：
①多用于一般現(xiàn)在時，表示比will更為婉轉的請求。
②用于一般過去時，表示過去的習慣性行為。
例如：
would you like a cup of tea?
來一杯茶好嗎?(婉轉的請求)
would you show me the way to the post office?
請告訴我去郵局怎么走好嗎?(請求)
when even they came to see him, they would bring him a lot of farm products.
無論何時他們來看他，總會給他帶來許多農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。(表示過去的習慣)
each time he passed the food shop, he would buy some chocol ate for his daughter.
每次路過食品店，他都會給女兒買些巧克力。(表示過去的習慣)
6.would， used to
would和used to都表示過去的習慣和過去反復發(fā)生的動作，但would只強調(diào)過去的情況，后 面通常接表示動作的動詞不能接表示狀態(tài)的動詞。而used to強調(diào)過去的情況與現(xiàn)在的情況 的對比，說明現(xiàn)在情況不同了。
each time his mother's birthday came, he would buy her a present .
每次到他母親生日的時候，他都要給她買一件禮物。(表示過去的習慣)
my father used to go to the office by bike when he was young.
我父親年輕的時候總是騎車去上班。(現(xiàn)在不是這樣了)
when he had a meal at this restaurant, he would sit at the table by the window.
當他在這家餐廳吃飯時，總是坐在靠窗的桌子邊。(過去的習慣)
he used to drink so much when he lost his job.
當他失業(yè)時，他酗酒很厲害。(現(xiàn)在不酗酒了)
比較：must, may和might用于表示猜測的區(qū)別：
must表示最大的可能性，意思是“必定，一定，肯定”；
do you notice the way the man speaks? he must be a business man.
你注意到這個人說話的方式了嗎?他一定是一個商人。
look at the fire over there! something must be happening to mr. cameron's house.
看那邊的大火!肯定是卡梅隆家出事了。
someone must have told you the news yesterday.
昨天一定是有人已經(jīng)告訴了你這個消息。
may表示的可能性小于must，意為“可能”。
the opportunity may come at any time.
機會可能會隨時到來的。
go to miss li and she may help you with it.
去找李老師，她可能會幫助你解決此事。
your parents may know nothing about it.
你父母對此可能一無所知。
might表示的可能性最小，意為“也許，大概”。might表示可能性，不含有過去時的意思。
they might be at susan's house.
他們也許都在蘇姍家呢。
your mother might be angry with you.
你媽媽大概生你的氣了。
mr. cameron might refuse to attend the meeting today.
卡梅隆先生今天可能會拒絕出席會議。
7.dare
dare作為情態(tài)動詞，意為“敢于，敢做……”，多用在否定句、疑問句或條件狀語從句中。
例如：
the girl dare not stay here alone in this empty house.
這個姑娘不敢獨自一人呆在這所空房子里。
dare you swim across the river?
你敢游到河那邊去嗎?
how dare you do such a thing?
你怎么敢做這樣的事情?
i don't know if she dare say that to him.
我不知道她敢不敢跟他說那話。
三、情態(tài)動詞+have+ done的用法
1. must have done與can't (couldn't) have done
must have done用于表示對過去的肯定推測，只能用于肯定句，表示“一定……，肯定已經(jīng) ……”；而can't (couldn't) have done用于表示對過去的否定的推測，用于否定句， 表示“不可能……”。
look at your school report. you must have made a lot of mistakes in your test papers.
看看你的成績單。你一定是在試卷上出了好多錯。
she suddenly fell down on her way to school, she must have been ill.
她在去上學的路上突然摔倒了，肯定是生病了。
he can't have been in his office this time yesterday.
昨天這個時間他不可能在他的辦公室里。
she couldn't have seen me because i wasn't there at all yesterday.
昨天她不可能看見我，因為我根本沒在那里。
2.may (might) have done
該結構只用于肯定句或否定句之中，表示對過去情況的猜測，意為“也許”，“已經(jīng)”，“ 本來可以”等。其否定形式含義為“大概不會”，“可能不是”等。而疑問句形式要用can 或could來 提問。
he may have arrived in america by now.
到這時候他可能已經(jīng)到達美國了。
i might have told you about the things earlier.
我本來可以早一些告訴你這些情況的。
i might have lent him more money when he came to me.
當他來找我時，我本可以多借給他一些錢。
could he have returned it?
他不會不還這些錢吧?
3.ought to have done與should have done
這兩種結構都表示過去必須做的事而沒做，含有“本來應該怎樣”的意思。
you ought to have gone into this question earlier.
你本來應該再早一些深入研究一下這個問題。
they ought to have prepared the work for the meeting more carefully.
他們本該把會議工作準備得更充分一些。
he should have done better in the car race.
他本應該在汽車大賽之中表現(xiàn)得更好一些。
we should have climbed up to the top of the mountain.
我們本來應該爬到山頂?shù)摹?/p>
4.needn't have done
該結構表示過去不需要做的事情，但卻已經(jīng)做了，含有“本來不必怎樣”的意思。
you needn't have done it instead of him yesterday.
你昨天原本不必替他做那件事情的。
he needn't have given her so much money at that time.
那時他本來不必給她那么多的錢。
there were plenty of time, she needn't have hurried.
時間很充裕，她本不必匆忙
情態(tài)動詞 篇11
XX高考英語備考（考點聚焦+名題導解） 情態(tài)動詞¯一、考點聚焦 1、 情態(tài)動詞的基本用法 (1)can、be able to 和could ①can和be able to都表示能力，意思上沒多大區(qū)別。但can只有現(xiàn)在和過去時，而be able to則有更多的形式。但當成功地完成某一具體動作時，通常不用could而用was/were able to來表示。這時was/were able to 相當于managed to，表示經(jīng)過一番努力，終于能夠完成某事。如： can you use chopsticks? the wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the end. ②can和could can和could都可以表示能力、技能、許可、建議或請求和可能性。但比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法，一般用could，回答時則用can。如： could you help me carry the bag? can i help you? (2)may/might ①may/might表示可能，但may比might可能性大。如：-why isn’t he in class?教學資源，完全免費，無須注冊，天天更新！"> he may be sick.(生病的可能性較大)— he might be sick.(生病的可能性較小)②may/might表示“允許”，may用于現(xiàn)在時或將來時，might常用在間接引語中表過去時，但m 教學資源，完全免費，無須注冊，天天更新！">ight也可用于現(xiàn)在時間，表示比較委婉的語氣，回答用may。如：he says we may leave. he said we might leave. ③may / might 表示建議或請求，但might比may 更客氣，意思更肯定而無過去時態(tài)的含義。 yes, you can / may. —may / might i use your bike? — no, you mustn’t （3）must ①must表示必須，應該，沒有時態(tài)變化。如：you must do everything as i do.②must表示肯定的推測。如：the light is still on, so he must be at home.③mustn’t 表示禁止做某事。如：you mustn’t smoke in the office.（4）have tohave to 表示“必須、不得不”，是由于某種外界（客觀）原因而“必須”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示經(jīng)常的或習慣性的事“必須”做。have to的否定形式表示不必。have to可用于多種時態(tài)中。如：you will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.i have to be at my office every evening.（5）should / ought to①should和ought to表示應當、應該，前者比后者語氣輕。如：you should / ought to work hard.②should / ought to work hard.since she is not here, whe should / ought to be in the classroom.③should / ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意。如：children shouldn’t smoke.④should可表示陳述意見，推出建議或請求；而ought to可以表示勸告之意。如：you ought to respect your parents.h e suggested that they should leave at once.（6）will / would①will 用于各種人稱表示“意志”、“意愿”或“決心”等，否定式won’t + 動詞。如：i will tell you all about it.tom won’t do such a thing.②will用于疑問句中，常用在第二稱時表示說話人向對方提出“請求”或“詢問”如：will you please tell her the news when you see her?③will 表示習慣性的動作，有“總是”、“慣于”的含義。如：fish wil l die out of water.④would 表示客氣的請求、建議或意愿。如：would you please be quiet?would you like coffee?⑤would 表示過去反復發(fā)生的動作。如：when i passed my school i would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago.（7）needneed 作“必要”講，既可作情態(tài)動詞，也可作實義動詞。作實義動詞時后面的動詞不定式要帶to，其變化與一般動詞相同。如：i need to think it over.—need you go now? —yes, i must./no, i needn’t （8）daredare表示“敢”的意思。作為情態(tài)動詞時，主要用在疑問句和否定句中。dare若作實義動詞，后面可帶to的不定式，此時to也可以省略。dare與need的用法相似。如：how dare you say that?she doesn’t date(to)ask her father.（9）used toused to表示過去常常發(fā)生的動作或存在的習慣，但現(xiàn)在已不復存在了。如：he used to smoke.（10 ）shall①shall作為情態(tài)動詞用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告、威脅、強制”和“允許”等意思。如：we shall do a s our teacher says.you shall have the book as soon as i finish it.②在疑問句中，shall用于征求對方的意見或請求指示，常用于第一、第三人稱。如：where shall he wait for us?shall we go out for a walk?2、情態(tài)動詞表示推測或判斷的用法下表即是表示推測的情態(tài)動詞使用的場合：
情態(tài)動詞
對現(xiàn)在和未來的推測
對過去的推測
使 用 場 合
mustmust + 動詞原形must have done肯定句
may / mightmay / might + 動詞原形may / might have done肯定句、否定句
can /couldcan / could docan / could have done否定句、疑問名（could可用于肯定句）should用來表示一種估計的情況“按理會/估計會”should do/beshould have done肯定句、否定句、疑問句 例如：it must have rained last night.she may not be at home. = it is possible that she is not at home.she can’t be at home. = it is impossible that she is at home.they should be there right now.3、情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣中的用法情態(tài)動詞用于虛擬語氣中表示責備的感情色彩，用法如下：（1）should have done表示“本來應該做某事而實際上未做”，而shouldn’t have done則表示“本不應該做某事而實際上做了”。如： you should have told me about it earlier. you shouldn’t have said such words to your parents. （2）ought to have done也表示“本應該……”而ought not to have done則意為“本不應該……”。如： you ought to have told me about it earlier. you ought not to have said such words to your parents. （3）needn’t have done表示“本無必要做某事而實際上做了”。如： you needn’t have walked so quickly since time was enough. （4）could have done表示“本來有可能……而事實上未做到”。如： i could have come on time, but my car broke on the way. ù二、精典名題導解 選擇填空 1. i was really anxious about you. you________home without a word. a.mustn’t have b.shouldn’t have left c.couldn’t have left d.needn’t have 解析：答案為b。本題考查的是情 態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣中的用法。題目給出的條件是“我確實非常擔心你”，因此后面可知應是責備you不應該沒說一句話就離開 了。 2.—are you coming to jeff’s party? —i’m not sure. i __________ go to the concert instead. a.must b.would c.should d.might 解析：答案為d。本題考查情態(tài)動詞的基本用法。由題目中“i’m not sure”,表明我可能去jeff’s party，也可能去音樂會，故用might。 3. —will you stay for lunch? —sorry, ____________. my brother is coming to see me. a.i mustn’t b.i can’t c.i needn’t d.i won’t 解析：答案為b。本題考查表示請求的英語口語，用will來向第二人稱提問的疑問結構，是表示一種請求和意愿，是用疑問的形式來表達較為婉轉的祈使語氣，意思是“請你……，好嗎”，對于這種問句的肯定回答是：suree! gertainly! yes, of course. i’d be glad to 等；否定回答通常是：i’m sorry, i can’t. no, i’m afraid i can’t. i’m sorry, but … i’d like to, but …等。注意情態(tài)動詞表客氣的用法及其在一般疑問句中的問與答。 4.—isn’t that ann’s husband over there? —no, it be him i’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. a. can’t b. must not c. won’t d. may not 解析：答案為a。本題考查情態(tài)動詞表推測。問：那邊的難道不是ann的丈夫嗎？答：不是。不可能是他，我確信他不戴眼鏡。 5.you be tired－you’ve only been working for an hour. a. must not b. won’t c. can’t d. may not 解析：答案為c。本題考查情態(tài)動詞。句中破折號后的內(nèi)容對前一句進行解釋說明：你只工作了一個小時，所以你不可能累的。表否定推測時用can’t。a項表禁止（不許），b項表未來，d 項表不允許。均不可用，故選c。 6.i often see lights in that empty house. do you think i report it to the police？ a. should b. whatever c. whichever d. whenever 解析：答案為a。本題考情態(tài)動詞。在空房子里看到燈光，是一件奇怪而令人生疑的事，故問：你是否認為我應當把這事兒報告給警察？應用a。
情態(tài)動詞 篇12
導學案4情態(tài)動詞（ii）
一、ought to 應該，應當 其否定 “ought not to” 或 “oughtn’t to”
(1) 用于第一人稱，表有責任或有必要做某事。
we ought to be more careful with our homework.
(2) 用于二、三人稱，表建議或勸告。
you ought to follow your teacher’s advice.
she ought not to go alone.
(3) ought to+have done: 本該……
i’m sorry. i ought to have told you this morning.對不起，我本該今天早上告訴你的。
二、have to / don’t have to / mustn’t
(1) have to = have got to 必須，不得不 （有人稱和數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化）
he has to work on the farm all day . 他不得不在農(nóng)場工作一整天。
（2）don’t have to 不必……
you don’t have to buy a computer.
(3) mustn’t 禁止，不許
you mustn’t sleep in class!
三、need 需要，必要（既可以作情態(tài)動詞，也可以作實義動詞，但用法不同）
（1）作為情態(tài)動詞，need 通常用于否定句和疑問句
①you needn’t buy the book..
②——need he do his homework first?
——yes ,he must! (no ,he needn’t)
(2) need 作為實義動詞時，通常用法是：
sb/sth need to do (表主動) we need to tell him the truth.
sb/sth need doing /to be done（表被動） my car needs repairing./my car needs to be repaird
sb need sth 某人需要…… mary needs your help.
三、情態(tài)動詞+have done
1. must have done 推測過去“肯定……”
he must have played computer games last night.
2 may / might have done 推測過去“也許……”
he might have known the answer to the question.
3.(1)could have done 用于疑問句時，表示 推測過去“可能……？”
could he have finished the task? 他可能把任務完成了嗎？
（2）could have done 用于肯定句時， 表“能夠做而沒有做”
i could have finished the work on my own. 我本能夠獨自完成工作.
4. (1)should have done 本應該做而沒有做
you should have studied hard.
(2) shouldn’t have done 本不該做而做了
you shouldn’t have told lies.
5. ought to have done: 本該做而沒做
6. needn’t have done 本不必…… 本沒必要……
you needn’t have told me the news.
情態(tài)動詞 篇13
一、何謂“情態(tài)動詞”？
情態(tài)動詞主要用來表示說話人的情感、態(tài)度等，是中學英語語法的重點，也是高考的熱點，是單項填空必考的一個知識點。情態(tài)動詞在近五年高考中主要考查四點：情態(tài)動詞表示推測和可能性的用法；情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣；情態(tài)動詞的表達“情感、態(tài)度、語氣等”，情態(tài)動詞表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。
二、情態(tài)動詞的特點
1.沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。
2. 有些情態(tài)動詞有過去式的變化:
e.g. will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared
三、情態(tài)動詞的否定形式
情態(tài)動詞+ not +動詞原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't
四、情態(tài)動詞的用法及相互間的區(qū)別（注意：這是常考的考點）
1. can , be able to be able to 表示經(jīng)過努力后, 能夠做到; be able to 有多種形式的變化。
can
1). 表示體力或腦力方面的能力;
2). 表示允許、可能性。
could 是can的過去式, 表示過去有能力及過去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑問句表示委婉地提出問題。
1) the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.
a. had to b. would c. could d. was able to
2) -will you stay for lunch?
-sorry, __. my brother is coming to see me.
a. i mustn't b. i can't c. i needn't d. i won't
2.may 表示詢問或說明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能發(fā)生。might是may的過去式; 用在疑問中比may委婉、客氣。
1) -may i take this book out of the reading-room?
-no, you mustn't. ( yes, you may.)
2) -might i make a suggestion? -yes, you may.
3. must
1). 表示必須要做的事: 必須
2) 表示很有把握的推斷: 一定, 準是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必須, 不得不。過去式: had to
3) -must i get to the station before three o'clock?
-yes, you must. ( no, you needn't. )
4) i'm afraid you will have to wait a while.
5) she must be in the classroom now.
6) mary ____ be in paris, i saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
a. mustn't b. shouldn't c. can't d. may not
4. shall
1) 在疑問句中, 用于第一、三人稱表示說話人征求對方的意見或向對方請求。
2) 用于二、三人稱,表示說話人給對方的 命令、警告、允諾等概念。
1) - shall i place an order with you now? -no, you needn’t.
-shall he turn down the radio a bit? -
yes, please.(no, please don't.)
2) you shall have the english book as soon as i finish it.
3) everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.
4) your brother seldom comes to see you, ____?
a. does he b. doesn't he c. will he d. isn't he
5) it's a fine day. let's go fishing, ____?
a. won't we b. will we
c. don't we d. shall we
5. should 應該 ; 應當
1) you should listen to the doctor's advice.
2) you should study the article carefully.
6. will, would
1) 在疑問句中用于第二人稱,表示說話人向對方提出請求或詢問。用would語氣更加婉轉。
2) will 表示現(xiàn)在的習慣性動作或狀態(tài); would 表示過去的習慣性動作或狀態(tài)。
3) will 用于各種人稱, 表示 意志、意愿、決心、允諾; would 表示過去時間的 意志、意愿、......。
(1) don't smoke in the meeting room, ___ you?
a. do youb. will you c. can you d. could you
-will you come with me? -yes, i will.(i am sorry , i can't.)
(2) -would you tell us something about yourself? -yes, i will.
(3) - it's my birthday tomorrow. don't forget to come to my party.
- _____ .
a. i don't b. i won't c. i can't d. i haven't
7. ought to 應該; 應當
1) you oughtn't to smoke too much.
2) she ____ for what she has done.
a. ought to praise b. ought be praised
c. ought to have praised d. ought to be praised
8. dare 1. dare to come 2. dare come
1) he dare not tell the truth.
2) he doesn't dare to come out at night.
3) i don't know whether he ____ try.
a. dare b. needs c. wants d. is allowed
9. need
1). 作為情態(tài)動詞:必須
2). 作為實義動詞: 需要
a.主語是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody)
b. 主語是事物 need ( doing; to be done)
1) -do they need to take any books with them?
-no, they don't need to.
2) -need we buy any new equipment? -no, we needn't.
3) this farm tool needs repairing.
this farm tool needs to be repaired.
4) -shall i tell john about it ?
- no, you ___ . i've told him already.
a. needn't b. wouldn't
c. mustn't d. shouldn't
5) it's a fine day. you ____ take a raincoat with you.
a. can't b. mustn't
c. needn't d. may not
[★★★]五、情態(tài)動詞的解題例析
(1) 認真審題，結合所給出的語境，正確把握說話者的語氣、情感、態(tài)度、觀點等。
(2) 認真思考所給選項中情態(tài)動詞的基本特征和用法，并結合語境推敲答案。
(3) 要注意把握時間概念。
情態(tài)動詞無論是表達“推測和可能性”，還是表達“虛擬”這一概念，只要是對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情進行描述，一律用“情態(tài)動詞+have done”這一結構；對現(xiàn)在或將來的事情進行描述，用“情態(tài)動詞+動詞或系動詞原形”。例如：
（nmet山東，24）thank you for all your hard work last week. i don’t think we ______ it without you.
a. can manage b. could have managed
c. could manage d. can have managed
根據(jù)題干中所給出的時間last week可知我們已經(jīng)做完了工作，已經(jīng)完成，故排除a、c兩項，再結合could have done表示虛擬語氣以及與前面的i don’t think…，故說話者想表達的意思是：離開了你，我們本不可能完成這項工作。故答案為b項。
★下面我們來看看常考的一些情態(tài)動詞★
以下試題均來源于往年的高考試題，具有很強的針對性
(1) must表示推測，意為“一定……”，只能用于肯定句中。 must have done意為：一定做過某事或某事肯定發(fā)生了。 例如：
—she looks very happy. she ______ have passed the exam.
—i guess so. it’s not difficult after all.
a. should b. could c. must d. might
【解析】句意為：她看上去很高興，一定是通過了考試。
【答案】c
(2) should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根據(jù)常規(guī)或常識推測，表示“某事應該或不應該發(fā)生”，語氣比must或can’t / couldn’t稍弱。
例如：—how’s your tour around the north lake? is it beautiful?
—it ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
a. will b. would c. should d. must
【解析】should此處表示推測，意為“應該”。
【答案】c
②there _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
a. mustn’t b. shan’t c. shouldn’t d. needn’t
【解析】句意：既然你在駕校進行了大量訓練，那么通過道路測試按理不應該有困難。
【答案】c
(3) can, could表達推測時，一般用于疑問句和否定句中；can用于肯定句中表示一種理論上的可能性，并不牽涉是否真的會發(fā)生，在這種用法中can只能與動詞原形連用；could用于肯定句中，語氣比may/ might更弱。例如：
①you ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!
a. wouldn’t b. can’t c. mustn’t d. needn’t
②she ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.
a. can’t b. wouldn’t c. shouldn’t d. needn’t
③it is usually warm in my hometown in march, but it _____ be rather cold sometime.
a. must b. can c. should d. would
④peter ____ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.
a. shall b. should c. can d. must
【解析】①② 兩個考題中can用于中表示否定的推測，意為：不可能，一定不會； ③④兩個考題中can表示理論上的可能性，翻譯為：有時候會……。
【答案】① b ② a ③ b ④ c
(4)may (not) / might (not)表達一種不太把握的推測，意為“或許，可能”；might的語氣比may較婉轉。例如：
① liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.
a. will b. can c. must d. may
【解析】may well為固定搭配，意為：很可能，極有可能。
【答案】d
② although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.
a. must b. may c. shall d. should
【解析】這聽起來或許是一項簡單的任務，但卻需要極大的細心。
【答案】b
③—i can’t find my purse anywhere.
—you __ have lost it while shopping.
a. may b. can c. should d. would
【解析】結合語境可知，回答者是在提醒對方：或許購物時把錢包丟了。
【答案】a
（二）表達虛擬語氣的情態(tài)動詞
對過去的一種結果的假設或虛擬，用情態(tài)動詞+have done這一結構，常用的有以下幾個情態(tài)動詞：
(1) should (not) / ought (not) to have done本（不）應該做某事，但卻沒有做或做了，含有責備或后悔之意。例如：
—i’m sorry. i _________at you the other day.
—forget it. i was a bit out of control myself.
a. shouldn’t shout b. shouldn’t have shouted
c. mustn’t shout c. mustn’t have shouted
【解析】對不起，我那天本不應該對你大喊大叫的。
【答案】b
(2) could have done本來能夠做某事但未做。例如：
thank you for all your hard work last week. i don’t think we ______ it without you.
a. can manage b. could have managed
c. could manage d. can have managed
【解析】根據(jù)題干中所給出的時間last week可知我們已經(jīng)做完了工作，已經(jīng)完成，故排除a、c兩項，再結合could have done表示虛擬語氣以及與前面的i don’t think…，故說話者想表達的意思是：離開了你，我們本不可能完成這項工作。
【答案】b
(3) needn’t have done本沒有必要做某事但卻做了。要注意needn’t do則表達“沒有必要去做某事”，時間上應該是現(xiàn)在或將來。例如：
①—catherine, i have cleaned the room for you.
—thanks. you ________ it. i could manage it myself.
a. needn’t do b. needn’t have done
c. mustn’t do d. shouldn’t have done
【解析】根據(jù)句意可知catherine對對方為她打掃了房間表示感謝并提到對方不必為她打掃房間。
【答案】b
② the boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow.
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. needn’t d. shouldn’t
【解析】老板給所有的員工放了假，所以我們明天不必再去上班。
【答案】c
(4)would (not) have done本來(不)會發(fā)生某事，但卻（發(fā)生了）或沒有發(fā)生。常用于虛擬條件句或含蓄虛擬條件引導的虛擬語氣，表示對過去所發(fā)生事情結果的假設。例如：
he hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he ________ a goal.
a. had scored b. scored
c. would score d. would have scored
【解析】句中otherwise為含蓄條件，相當于if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，這是對過去的一種虛擬假設。
【答案】d
(5) might have done表示“本來可能……”，但實際上沒有發(fā)生的事。例如：
what a pity! considering his ability and experience, he ________ better.
a. need have done b. must have done
c. can have done d. might have done
【解析】真是可惜！考慮到他的能力和經(jīng)驗，他本來可以做得更好的。
【答案】d
（三）表達“情感、態(tài)度、語氣” 等方面的情態(tài)動詞
1. must表達“情感、態(tài)度、語氣”主要有以下用法：
(1) 表示主觀的義務和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑問句，意思為“必須……，得……，要……”；由must引起的疑問句，肯定回答要用must或have to， 否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to,意思是“不必”。另外，must與have to都可以表示“必須”這一含義。must表示一種主觀的需要，而have to表示一種客觀的需要，意思是“不得不”，其否定形式是don’ have to。
例如： -what sort of house do you want to have? something big?
--well, it ______ be big--that's not important.
a. mustn't b. needn't c. can't d. won't
【解析】something big?此處意為：must it be big? 回答者的意思是：房子不必太大—那并不重要。
【答案】b
(2) must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止，意思是“不能，不許”。例如：
when i was young, i was told that i ______ play with matches
a. wouldn't b. needn't c. mustn't d. daren't
【解析】當我年輕的時候，（家人）就一直告誡我千萬不要玩火柴。
【答案】c
(3) must用于條件句或疑問句中，可以用來表示責備、抱怨的感情色彩，意思為“偏要，硬要、干嘛”。例如：
①—may i smoke here ?
—if you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.
a. should b. could c. may d. must
②john, look at the time. ___________ you play the piano at such a late hour?
a.must b.can c.may d.need
【解析】must在這兩道試題中均表示“非得，偏要”。
【答案】① d ② a
2. should
(1) should應該，表示“責任和義務”。例如：
according to the air traffic rules, you ___ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.
a. may b. can c. would d. should
【解析】should此處表示根據(jù)交通法規(guī)應盡的責任和義務。
【答案】d
(2) 在虛擬條件句中用以加強假設語氣，表示“與將來事實相反的假設”，用 if+主語+ should +動詞原形，當“萬一(會)”講。這時可省略if，將should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。請看下面的例子：
if it should rain (=should it rain) tomorrow, i would stay at home.萬一明天下雨的話，我就待在家里。再如：
________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
a. would you be b. should you be
c. could you be d. might you be
【解析】句意：萬一你被解雇，給你的醫(yī)療救助和其它方面的福利也不會被取消。
【答案】b
(3) should還可以用來表示說話人對某事不能理解、趕到意外、驚異等意思，譯為“竟然，竟會”。例如：
you can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady.
a. might b. need c. should d. would
【解析】句意：你想象不到這么一個表現(xiàn)良好的紳士竟然會對一個女士這么粗魯。
【答案】c
3. shall
(1) shall用于第一和第三人稱，常用于疑問句中，用來征求對方意見。例如：
①—what’s the name?
—khulaifi. _________ i spell it for you?
a. shall b. would c. can d. might
【答案】a
(2) 用于第二和第三人稱，表示“命令、威脅、警告、允諾、”等。例如：
—excuse me. but i want to use your computer to type a report.
—you _____have my computer if you don’t take care of it .
a. shan’t b. might not c. needn’t d. shouldn’t
【解析】shall此處表示“警告”。
【答案】a
(3) shall也用于宣布法律、規(guī)定的要求。例如：
①—what does the sign over there read?
—“no person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.”
a. will b. may c. shall d. must
【解析】禁止吸煙是此處的規(guī)定。
【答案】c
4. can
(1) can可以用來表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度，主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。例如：
how ______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article?
a. can b. must c. need d. may
【答案】a
(2) can也可以用來表示請求或許可。例如：
—mum, i’ve been studying english since 8 o’clock.
______i go out and play with tom for a while?
—no, i’m afraid not. besides, it’s raining outside now.
a. can’t b. wouldn’t c. may d. won’t
【答案】a
(3) can可以表達一般的或永久的能力。be able to也可表達能力，但常用來表達在某件事情中所表現(xiàn)出來的能力，尤指克服困難能夠完成某事。例如：
① if it were not for the fact that she ______ sing, i would invite her to the party.
a. couldn’t b. shouldn’t c. can’t d. might not
② the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.
a. had to b. would c. could d. was able to
【答案】c
5. would
(1)will與would可表示“意愿；意志 ”。
例如： john promised his doctor he _____ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since.
a. might b. should c. could d. would
【解析】根據(jù)promise可知此處是john向醫(yī)生表明自己的意志。
【答案】d
(2) would表示過去傾向性或習慣性的動作。used to 也有這一用法，但used to即可用來表達過去的習慣性的動作，也可用來表示過去的狀態(tài)。例如：
① when he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
a. would b. should c. had better d. might
② in my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ________.
a. that used to be b. it is used to
c. it was used to d. it used to be
【解析】第一題would指過去習慣性的動作；第二題it 替代life, used to be 指過去的樣子。
【答案】a d
情態(tài)動詞 篇14
XX高考二輪復習英語學案專題七 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣
【典例精析】
1.（ 全國卷ii， 8） _______ he had not hurt his leg, john would have won the race.
a. if b. since c. though d. when
【解析】a 有題干可知，“若不是他傷了腿，約翰就能贏得比賽了”，運用了虛擬語氣，故用if。
2.（山東卷, 24） thank you for all your hard work last week. i don’t think we ____ it without you.
a. can manage b. could have managed
c. could manage d. can have managed
【解析】 b 此題考查情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬意義的用法。i don’t think…是否定前移。意為：我認為沒有你我們本不能做成這件事的。此題關鍵是要根據(jù)句意知道是虛擬語氣，其基本形式是情態(tài)動詞（過去式）+have done,所以其他選項皆可排除。
【答案】b
3（09福建）. but for the help of my english teacher, i____the first prize in the english writing competition.
a. would not win b. would not have won c. would win d. would have won
【答案】b 虛擬語氣。此處虛擬語氣表示與過去事實相反，句子謂語動詞用would/should/could/might + have done結構，故選b。
4.（09湖南）— it’s the office! so you _____ know eating is not allowed here.
— oh, sorry.
a. must b. will c. may d. need
【解析】a 句意為：這是辦公室！因此你必須知道吃的不允許帶到這里。must表示“絕不”的意思。
5.（09海南）what do you mean, there are only ten tickets? there _____ be twelve
a. should b. would c. will d. shall
【答案】a。 你這是什么意思，只有十張票嗎?應該有十二人。should表示“應該，應當”。
6.（09上海）it_____ have been tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.
a. may b. can c. must d. should
【解析】c 考查情態(tài)動詞的基本用法。此處表示肯定性較強的猜測，故答案選c。
7.（09四川）—i don’t care what people think.
—well, you _______
a. could b. would c. should d. might
【解析】c考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。答話的人提了一個建議——你應該關注別人對你的評價的。should可以用來向別人提建議，所以答案為：c
8.（09天津）this printer is of good quality. if it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
a. would b. should c. could d. might
【解析】b 考查虛擬語氣中的情態(tài)動詞用法。表示對將來情況的虛擬假設，條件從句可以用should+v.原形；
9.（09重慶）—hi, tom. any idea where jane is?
—she_____in the classroom. i saw her there just now.
a. shall be b. should have been c. must be d. might have been
【答案】c 考查情態(tài)動詞表示猜測的用法。由后面的just now暗示現(xiàn)在一定在教室推知對現(xiàn)在情況的猜測，故答案為c.
10.（09全國2）i can’t leave. she told me that i______stay here until she comes back.
a. can b. must c. will d. may
【解析】b 考查情態(tài)動詞的基本用法。由前面的i can’t leave.推知我必須呆在這里，故答案為b。
11.（09江蘇）11. he did not regret saying what he did but felt that he____ it differently.
a. could express b. would express
c. could have expressed d. must have expressed
【解析】c 考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。由前面的后悔表示做過啦，故后面的意思為本能夠表達的不同，答案為c符合。
【專題突破】情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣密不可分，情態(tài)動詞表示推測的考查，虛擬語氣中對情態(tài)動詞的考查，這些都是需要注意的地方，要想突破，可以從語境、語義、說話者的語氣等方面著手，具體說：
1.根據(jù)時間確定時態(tài)、時間段
即要分清情態(tài)動詞表推測時涉及的是現(xiàn)在情況還是過去情況。原則上說，若對現(xiàn)在情況進行推測，情態(tài)動詞后接動詞原形或進行式；若對過去情況進行推測，則后接動詞的完成式(這通常是高考的重點)；若是對正在發(fā)生的情況進行推測，后接動詞的進行式；判斷出時間段套用現(xiàn)在、過去、將來虛擬語氣的句式。
2.充分利用句子語境、語義
綜觀歷年高考英語情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣的考查情況，有相當一部分考題從本質上看都是在考查情態(tài)動詞在具體語境、語義中的運用，即只要考生能弄清各個被考查情態(tài)動詞的意思，就可作出正確選擇。
3.注意分清適用句型
即要分清所考查的情態(tài)動詞是用于肯定句型，還是用于疑問句型或否定句型，同時還要注意情態(tài)動詞在某些特殊情況下所使用的特殊句型。
4.弄清說話者的語義、語氣推斷屬于哪個時間段的情況，正確把握隱含、混合等虛擬語氣。
5.掌握固定句式，從固定句式著手，套用虛擬語氣句型。
1.—catherine, i have cleaned the room for you.
—thanks. you _________it. i could manage it myself.
a. needn’t do b. needn’t have done
c. mustn’t do d. shouldn’t have done
【解析】b 句子的語境是：“我自己能做”，所以“你本不必做的”。選a還是b呢？根據(jù)前面一句中的 have cleaned 可知，動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以此處談論的是一個過去情況，故選 needn’t have done。
2. this cake is very sweet. you _________ a lot of sugar in it.
a. should put b. could have put c. might put d. must have put
【解析】d前文說“蛋糕很甜”，下文的語境顯然應該是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”，故用“must+完成式”表示對過去情況的肯定推測。
3. —the woman biologist stayed in africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
— oh, dear! she _________ a lot of difficulties!
a. may go through b. might go through
c. ought to have gone through d. must have gone through
【解析】d由上文的stayed可知，此題是對過去情況有把握的肯定推測。句意為“那個女生物學家呆在非洲研究野生動物XX年才回來。”“天啊！她一定經(jīng)歷了不少苦難！”
4. helen _________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.
a. shall b. must c. may d. can
【解析】c由于下文說“她還沒有把握”，所以前文要用may表示沒有把握的肯定推測，即“可能會與我們?nèi)ヂ眯小薄?/p>
5. —i’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
—it _________ harry’s. he always wears green.
a. has to be b. will be c. mustn’t be d. could be
【解析】d 后文說“他總是穿綠色衣服”，據(jù)此語境可推知，這件衣“可能是”哈利的，could表示可能性。
6. —do you know where david is? i couldn’t find him anywhere.
—well. he _________have gone far—his coat’s still here.
a. shouldn’t b. mustn’t c. can’t d. wouldn’t
分析：答案選c。后文說“他的外套還在這里”，據(jù)此語境可知“他不可能走遠了”，故選can’t
5. he paid for a seat, when he _________ have entered free.
a. could b. would c. must d. need
【解析】a could have done的意思是“本來可以做某事”。句子語境為“雖然他本來能夠免費入場，但他買了票”。
6. —lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
—she _________. i’ve already borrowed one.
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. needn’t d. shouldn’t
【解析】c 既然“我已經(jīng)借了一本”，所以“她就沒有必要借給我了”。needn’t在此表示“不必”。
7.the world wide web is sometimes jokingly called the world wide wait because it _________be very slow.
a. should b. must c. will d. can
【解析】 d在通常情況下，情態(tài)動詞 can 表示推測時，只用于否定句和疑問句，不用于肯定句，但有一種特殊情況就是它可以用于肯定句中表理論上的推測或表示“有時”之意，而此題考查的正是can 表示“有時”的用法。
8. zhang lin was addicted to computer games during his last year in high school , otherwise he____________a student of beijing university .
a.would have been b.should be c.has been d.had been
【解析】a otherwise引起虛擬語氣的虛擬語氣屬于含蓄型的，由句意可以得知是與過去的事實相反，主句用 would have done。
9. ---your sister nearly _______ all her spare time to her study during the three years.
----that's right， or she ________ the first place in her school in the college entrance examination.
a. devoted; wouldn't have taken b. spent; wouldn't have taken
c. had devoted; hadn't taken d. had spent; couldn't take
【解析】a devote … to 為固定搭配，因此第一個空應從ac選。or 翻譯成“否則，要不然”，相當于otherwise，引起句子運用虛擬語氣，主句用 would have done。
10.—any information about your son?
—no. if only i ______ those tough words to him.
a.didn't say b.hadn't said
c.shouldn't have said d.couldn't have said
【解析】b if only 引起的句子要用虛擬語氣。與wish跟從句用虛擬的規(guī)則一樣。與過去的事實相反，用過去完成時態(tài)。
11. it is vital that we _____ act out at once to protect the environment.
a. would b. should c. will d. can
【解析】b it is vital/important/strange/necessary/natural…that 從句中，從句運用should跟動詞原形。
12. john’s pale face suggested that he ______ill, and his parents suggested that he ______a medical examination.
a. be, should have b. was, have c. should be, had d. was, has
【解析】b suggest表示“表明，暗示”時，賓語從句不用虛擬語氣，而表示“建議”時，要用should 跟動詞原形的虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意可以得知，答案為b
13. but for the leadership of our party and our government, we __________ these splendid results.
a.have achieved b.shouldn’t have achieved
c.should have achieved d.would achieve
【解析】b but for 相當于without，可以用if 非真實條件句替換。有句意可知時發(fā)生在過去，與過去事實相反。
14. --where have you been?
--i_______in the heavy traffic. otherwise i______here earlier.
a. got stuck; would have come b. got stuck; was
c. have got stuck; would have come d. had got stuck; would come
【解析】a 由句意得知被交通堵塞困住是發(fā)生在過去，第一空用一般過去時，排除cd，第二空為與過去事實相反，故選a
15.he hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.
a. had scored b. scored c. would score d. would have scored
【解析】d 這是otherwise 引出的含蓄虛擬語氣，再根據(jù)前面的 hesitated 可進一步知道這是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣 .
【學法導航】考生在復習情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣時要注意如下幾點：
1.掌握情態(tài)動詞的基本用法；2.正確辨析相近意義的情態(tài)動詞；3.把握常用情態(tài)動詞句式；
4.學生要明確所敘述的內(nèi)容不可能發(fā)生或發(fā)生的可能性很小時，要用虛擬語氣；
5.把握虛擬語氣的常用句式； 6.正確辨析混合時間的虛擬語氣，如果條件句中的動作和主句的動作不是同時發(fā)生，主句和從句的謂語動詞的形式應分別根據(jù)各自所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。
7.注意虛擬語氣中的倒裝句，如果虛擬語氣的條件從句謂語動詞中含有were, had, should，有時可將if省去，而將條件從句的主語置于were, had, should, 之后
8.分清含蓄條件句，有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中不總是出現(xiàn)if引導的條件句，而通過用其他詞來代替條件句，常見詞有otherwise, or, but for 和if only等
9. 掌握在表語從句，同位語從句和主語從句中，表示間接的命令、要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句的主語通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。 從句中的謂語動詞是should +動詞原型，should 可以省略。
10.掌握口語中的虛擬語氣和固定句式中的虛擬語氣。
【專題綜合】1. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.
a. breaks b. has broken
c. were broken d. had been broken
2. but for the help you gave me, i _______ the examinations.
a. would have passed b. would pass
c. wouldn’t have passed d. wouldn’t pass
3. i forget where i read the article, or i _____ it to you now.
a. will show b. would show c. am going to show d. am showing
4. “it looks as if he were drunk.” “so it does. _____.”
a. he’d better give up drinking b. he shouldn’t have drunk so much
c. health is more important than drink d. i wonder why he is always doing so
5. “mary looks hot and dry” “so _____ you if you had so high a fever.”
a. do b. are c. will d. would
6. “he will come tomorrow.” “but i’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.”
a. will come b. is coming c. came d. had come
7. all the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.
a. should be; be operated on b. were; must be operated on
c. was; should be operated d. was; be operated on
8. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
a. was he given up b. had he given up c. did he give d. if he gave up
9. “i still haven’t thanked aunt lucy for her present.” “it’s time you _____.”
a. do b. did c. had d. would
10. “do you know his address？” “no, i also wish i _____ where he _____.”
a. knew, live b. knew, lives c. know, lives d. know, lived
11. it is hard for me to imagine what i would be doing today if i ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the melinda cox library in my hometown.
a. wouldn’t have fallen b. had not fallen
c. should fall d. were to fall
12. without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.
a. would be freezing cold b. will be freezing coldly
c. would be frozen cold d. can freeze coldly
13. look at the trouble i am in! if only i _____your dvice.
a. followed b. would follow c. had followed d. should follow
14. ---- don't you think it necessary that he _______ to miami but to new york?
---- i agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to.
a. will not be sent; that b. not be sent; that
c. should not be sent; what d. should not send; what
15. if i____plan to do anything i wanted to ,i’d like to go to tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.
a.would b.could c.had to d.ought to
16. ____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
a. would you be b. should you be c. could you be d. might you be
17. if it were not for the fact that she_______sing, i would invite her to the party.
a.couldn’t b.shouldn’t c.can’t d.might not
18. after hours of repair, the driver tried to start the machine but it __________ work.
a. won’t b. shouldn’t c. wouldn’t d. couldn’t
19. you ________ pay too much attention to your assignment, for it is that important.
a. must b. needn’t c. cannot d. need
20. he _________ another career, but at the time, he didn’t have enough money to attend graduate school.
a. might choose b. might have chosen c. had to choose d. must have chosen
參考答案和解析
1.【解析】c as if 引導的句子，有時用虛擬語氣，有時不用。原則上說，若指事實或可能為事實，不用虛擬語氣；若指現(xiàn)在，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時（be 用 were）；若指過去用過去完成時，若指將來用過去將來時或用 were to do sth.
2.【解析】c but for 的意思是“若不是，要不是”，用于引出與事實相反的假設，通常與虛擬語氣連用。根據(jù)句中的 the help you gave me，可知它表示與過去事實相反，故選c.
3.【解析】b根據(jù)上文的語境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個虛擬的條件，即 or=if i didn’t forget where i read the article（要是我沒忘記我在哪兒讀過這篇文章的話——但事實上忘了）。
4.【解析】d關鍵信息是it looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語氣，句子既然用了虛擬語氣，也就是說，“他喝醉了”不是事實，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是d.
5.【解析】d 由于空格后的 if 條件狀語從句的謂語用的是虛擬語氣（這是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案應選d.
6.【解析】c 按照英語習慣，would rather 后接that 從句時，從句謂語通常要用虛擬語氣，即用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或將來，用過去完成時表示過去。
7.【解析】d insist后的從句謂語有時用“should+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣，有時不用，具體要看該謂語動詞所表示的含義。一般說來，若該謂語動詞所表示的動作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實，則用虛擬語氣；若該謂語動詞所表示的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實，則要用陳述語氣。分析上題的句意，可知只有選d最合適。
8.【解析】b是因為時態(tài)前后有矛盾。由于主句謂語是would not have got，這表明是對過去事實作出的假設，所以從句謂語應該是 had given up，而不是像d項那樣用一般過去時。另外，當虛擬條件句中有 had, should, were 等詞時，通常可以省略 if，并將 had, should, were 提前置于句首。
9.【解析】b it’s time you did 為 it’s time you thanked aunt lucy for her present 之略。按照英語語法，it’s time 后從句通常要用過去式。
10.【解析】b第一空填 knew，因為 i wish 后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣（即用過去式表示現(xiàn)在的想法）；第二空要填lives，即用陳述語氣，因為 where he lives 是一個客觀事實，而不是 i wish 的內(nèi)容。
11.【解析】b 此題涉及錯綜時間虛擬條件句，主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，條件句與過去事實相反。句意為：要不是在七歲時就迷上了 melinda cox 圖書館，我真不能想像我如今會在做什么。
12.【解析】a without 引出的介詞短語為一個與現(xiàn)在事實相反的含蓄條件句。
13.【解析】c if only 意為“,但愿，要是……就好了”，其后的句子謂語要用虛擬語氣，用以表達愿望或非真實條件，同時根據(jù) 句意可以得知從句是與過去事實相反
14.【解析】b本題考查虛擬語氣和表語從句。在it is necessary that…句型中，從句中常常用虛擬語氣，其形式為“should+動詞原型”，should也可以省略。第二空考查了表語從句。that沒有實際的意義，只起一個連接的作用。
15.【解析】b考查虛擬語氣。從主句的謂語動詞及句意推測應選b。其他選項不符合題意。
16.【解析】 b 本題考查了虛擬語氣的倒裝。如果虛擬語氣的條件從句謂語動詞中含有were, had, should，有時可將if省去，而將條件從句的主語置于were, had, should之后。
17.【解析】c雖然前有虛擬條件句, 后有使用了虛擬語氣，但the fact不是與事實相反，而是現(xiàn)在的真實情況， 故不用虛擬語氣。
18.【解析】c,表示機器什么的不能工作了。是一種關于性能方面的，很固定的用法。
19.【解析】c can not too...to 是詞組，意思是就算怎么樣也不過分。
20.【解析】b可是根據(jù)句子的意思。must have chosen 是本來肯定會------，故答案為b。
情態(tài)動詞 篇15
XX年《高考風向標》•英語
目 錄
第一部分 教材梳理
必修一
unit 1 friendship
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 2 english around the world
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 3 travel journal
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 4 earthquakes
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 5 nelson mandela—a modern hero
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
必修二
unit 1 cultural relics
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 2 the olympic games
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 3 computers
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 4 wildlife protection
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 5 music
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
必修三
unit 1 festivals around the world
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 2 healthy eating
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
unit 3 the million pound bank note
單元要點預覽
語言要點
詞語辨析
詞性變化
重點單詞
重點詞組
重點句子
課文要點
課文詞匯填空
課文大意概括
課文佳句背誦與仿寫
單元自測
……
第二部分 語法專題
專題一 冠詞
專題二 名詞
專題三 代詞
專題四 數(shù)詞
專題五 形容詞和副詞
專題六 介詞
專題七 情態(tài)動詞
專題八 非謂語動詞
專題九 動詞和動詞短語
專題十 動詞的時態(tài)
專題十一 動詞的語態(tài)
專題十二 句子種類
專題十三 名詞性從句
專題十四 定語從句
專題十五 狀語從句
專題十六 倒裝句和省略句
專題十七 強調(diào)句
專題十八 虛擬語氣
專題十九 主謂一致
專題二十 直接引語和間接引語
第三部分 高考題型講練
聽力
完形填空
語法填空
閱讀理解
信息匹配
基礎寫作
讀寫任務
第二部分 語法專題
版權所有：
專題七 情態(tài)動詞
i、重點難點解析
情態(tài)動詞的高考命題導向：情態(tài)動詞表示說話者的情感和態(tài)度，有一定的含義，但是不能單獨做謂語，必須與其他動詞連用。注意區(qū)別具有相同功能的，意思相近的情態(tài)動詞的用法。
一 情態(tài)動詞基本用法一覽表
情態(tài)動詞 用法 例句 注意事項
can
could 1表許可(和may可互換)、能力
2表懷疑、猜測、可能性（用于否定和疑問句中）
3 could可表比can更委婉的語氣及用于虛擬語氣。 1you can/may sit here./he can swim.
2 he can’t be sixty.
3 could you come again tomorrow?
can和be able to都可表能力，但be able to可表達“某事終于成功”，有更多的時態(tài)。
may
might 1表可以（問句中表請求，might更婉轉）
2表可能，或許（might語氣更加不肯定）
3表祝愿（用于倒裝句中） 1 may/might i use your bike?
2 he may/might be at home.
3 may you succeed! 1回答may…do…?的否定用 mustn’t/can’t
2回答may/might…
do…?的否定用 can’t/might not
must 1表必須，應該（表主觀要求）
2表推測（用于肯定句），譯為“準是，一定” 1 you must study hard.
2 she must be tired. 否定式mustn’t表不準，禁止；否定回答用needn’t/don’t/doesn’t have to(不必)
have to 只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時態(tài)人稱變化） without help, i had to do it myself. must表主觀意識。have to有多種時態(tài)。
ought to 應當（表示義務責任，口語中多用should you ought to obey laws. 否定用oughtn’t 疑問句用ought…to do…?
shall 1用于一三人稱的疑問句，表征詢意見
2用于二三人稱, 表示許諾、命令、警告等 1 shall we go now?
2 the sign there reads, “no person shall smoke here.”
should 1表建議或勸告，譯為“應該”
2本該（含有責備意味） 1 you should learn from each other.
2 you should have given him help.
will
would 1表意志或決心
2疑問句中用于第二人稱表請求，would比較委婉 1 he promised he would never smoke again.
2 will/would you like some tea? would表示過去的習慣或喜好,不涉及現(xiàn)在; used to表示過去常常做現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再有的習慣.
dare 敢（常用于否定句、疑問句和條件從句中） he dare not/daren’t sleep alone.
dare you touch it? 過去式dared；可作實義動詞
need 需要,必須（常用于否定句和疑問句中） you needn’t do the work now. need…do…?的肯定回答：yes,…must. 可作實義動詞
used to 過去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再） he used to play football. 否定式usedn’t/usen’t to do/didn’t use to do; 疑問used…to…do…?did…use to do…?
二 “情態(tài)動詞+不定式進行式”和“情態(tài)動詞+不定式完成式”用法一覽表
句式 說明 例句
can +不定式進行式
can +不定式完成式 表示“可能”，用于否定句和疑問句（could 也可能有此用法，只是語氣更委婉） he can’t be telling lies.
他不可能在說謊。
he can’t have told lies.
他不可能說過謊話。
could+不定式完成式 指過去沒實現(xiàn)的動作，表“本來可以” it’s too late. you could have told him earlier.你本來能早點告訴他的。
may+不定式進行式
may+不定式完成式 表示“可能，也許”，用于肯定句 he may be doing homework.
他也許在做作業(yè)。
he may have missed the train.
他可能錯過了火車。
must+不定式進行式 肯定句表示“一定在干某事”
the light is on. he must be working.
燈亮著，他一定在工作。
must+不定式完成式 用于肯定句，表示“準是干了某事” he is sad. he must have failed the exam.他準是考試不及格。
needn’t+不定式完成式 “本來不必做”，只用于否定句 you needn’t have lent the book to him. he bought it already.
你本來不必把這本書借給她，他已經(jīng)買了一本。
should/ought to+不定式完成式 肯定句表示“本應該做而實際沒做”；
否定句表示“不應該做而實際卻做了” i should have bought it.
我應該把它買下來的。
you shouldn’t have scolded him.
你不應該這樣粗心大意。
ii、實戰(zhàn)演練
填入情態(tài)動詞的恰當形式或根據(jù)括號所提供的詞填入情態(tài)動詞恰當?shù)慕Y構。
1. i should have been there, but i ____________ find the time.
2. helen _______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.
3. tom, you ___________ not leave all your clothes on the floor like this!
4. you can’t imagine that a well behaved gentleman _____________ be so rude to a lady.
5. it has been announced that candidates_____________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
6. ---lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
---she ____________. i’ve already borrowed one.
7. john, look at the time. _______________ you play the piano at such a late hour?
8. ---__________ this book be yours?
---no, it ____________ not be mine. it ___________ be his.
9. as a girl, she ____________ get up at six every day.
10. __________ he to clean the classroom after school?
11. you ____________ be tired after the long trip, aren’t you?
12. ---what’s the name?
---khulaifi. __________ i spell that for you?
13. you _____________________ (see) the film, haven’t you?
14. you _____________________ (talk) on the phone at that time, for i couldn’t get through.
15. they _____________________ (miss) the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.
16. ______________ you pass the college entrance examinations!
17. he had known the matter before you told him, so you _____________________ (not tell) it to him.
18. i did not call to make any airline reservation but i ________________.
19. the light is out. they _______________________ (not work) now.
20. ---my cat is really fat.
---you _____________________ (not give) her so much food.
答案：1. couldn’t 2. may 3. mustn’t 4. should 5. shall 6. needn’t
7. must 8. can; can’t; must 9. would 10. ought 11. must 12. shall 13.must have seen
14. must be talking 15. might/might have missed 16. may 17. needn’t have told
18. should have 19. can’t be working 20. shouldn’t have given