初三Unit 15 A doctor for animals

Unit 15 A doctor for animals

一、本單元知識目標

1.掌握以下單詞及用法：
grateful, tail, lonely, success, mostly, pig, education, countryside, treat, regard, exactly, keep, experience, painful, rock, story, grab, crash, mobile, least

2.理解以下單詞：
rewarding, wag, vet, heal, injection, earthquake

3.掌握以下詞組及用法：
make up one's mind, regard... as..., at all, at least

4.靈活運用以下句式進行交際：
表示肯定和不肯定 Expressing certainty and uncertainty
We can find ….我們能找到……

喜好和厭惡 Like and dislikes
I like …. 我喜歡……
I really love …. 我真的喜歡……
I like to work with …. 我喜歡和……工作
Do you like being …? 你愿意成為……嗎？

請求允許和應答 Asking for permission and responses
- Can I ask you some questions? 我能問您一些問題嗎？
- Sure. 當然可以。

5.語法
The Infinitive 動詞不定式

二、本單元課文難點講解 第57課重點例句及相關知識的分析

1. Do you like being a doctor for animals? 您喜歡當獸醫嗎？

句中的being 可以用to be 的形式表示。如：
I like to be an English teacher. 我喜歡當一名英語教師。

句中a doctor for an animals 可以用an animal doctor 的形式表示。如：
He is a famous animal doctor from England. 他是來自英國的著名獸醫。

2. To be a doctor for animals is very rewarding. 當獸醫很值得。

句中rewarding是形容詞，意思是"有報酬的；有用的；有益的"。如：
You will find this book very rewarding. 你將發現這本書是非常有益的。

3. I'd like to work with animals better. 
相比人類而言我更喜歡為動物服務。
work (hard) at: 努力學習，work on：繼續工作；work out：想出計算出，制訂；at work (on ): (人)在工作，從事于……，忙于……，比如：
① English is so important that we must work hard at it. 
② It was very late , but he was still working on without supper. 
③ He has already worked out these maths problems , so he feels very happy. 

4. To help animals is helping people. 幫助動物就是幫助人類。

句中helping是現在分詞作定語，修飾people。

分詞有兩種，一種是現在分詞，一種是過去分詞。這兩種分詞在句子中能擔任的成分大體相同，主要是在意思上有主動和被動之分。現在分詞一般有主動的意思，過去分詞一般有被動的意思，有時表示的時間也不相同。試看兩種分詞的主要差別。如：

He is a promising young man. 他是一個很有培養前途的青年。
This is a pressing problem. 這是個緊急問題。
He is an interesting man. 他是個有趣的人。
He's very interested in the man. 他對那個男人非常感興趣。
The news is exciting. 這消息很激動人心。
We were excited to hear it. 聽了這事我們很激動。

第58課重點例句及相關知識的分析

1. There is a famous animal doctor from England who wrote many books about animals. 一位英國著名獸醫，他寫了許多關于動物方面的書。

句中from England 介詞短語做定語，和who wrote many books about animals 從句做定語同時修飾doctor。

2. He grew up with a pet dog named Don. 他與被叫Don 的愛犬一起長大。

句中named 是過去分詞做定語，修飾dog。
named 相當于called 或with the name，意思是"被叫做……"
The boy called John is my classmate. =
The boy named John is my classmate. =
The boy with the name John is my classmate. 叫約翰的那個男孩是我的同學。

3. He made up his mind to be a vet.他下定決心要成為一名獸醫。

make up one's mind是"下定決心"的意思，其后常接不定式。one's必須和其相應的主語保持一致。如果主語為復數，mind也要用復數形式。如：
（1）I've made up my mind.我已決定了。

（2）He needs someone to make up his mind for him.他需要別人替他作決定。

（3）The students in Class 1 all made their minds to study hard.一班的全體同學都下定了決心要努力學習。

  4. They regarded their pets as members of their families. 他們把寵物視為家庭成員。

句中regard … as意思是"將……視為"。如：
I regard him as my brother. 我將他當成我的兄弟。
He is regarded as the best doctor in town. 他被視為是城內最好的醫生了。 

5. Later in his life, James Herriot wrote a lot about his experience as a country vet in Yorkshine, England. 在赫瑞爾的晚年，他根據在英國約克郡當鄉村獸醫時的經驗寫下許多著作。

句中的as 是介詞，意思是"作為，當作"。如：
I have come here as a journalist. 我是以記者身份到這里來的。
As a student, you must study hard for the people. 作為一名學生，你必須努力為人民而學習。

6. No matter how much he loved all kinds of animals, he loved dogs the best. 不管他多么喜歡各種各樣的動物，他還是最喜歡狗的。

句中no matter作連詞用，意思是"不管"。如：
No matter how hot it is! 不管多么熱。
Don't trust him, no matter what he says or does. 他不管說什么，做什么，都不要信任他。
Don't trust him, no matter what he says. 不管他說什么，你都不要信任他。
Don't believe the rumour, no matter who repeats it. 不論是誰說的，都不要相信這謠言。
No matter where she is, I must find her. 不論她在哪兒，我都要找到她。

第60課重點例句及相關知識的分析

1. Mrs Parley said she felt as if they were in a storm at sea. 帕利太太說她覺得好象是在海上乘船遇到了風暴似的。

句中as if 相當于as though "仿佛……似",注意：當主句是一般現在時，as if從句用一般過去時；當主句是一般過去時，as if從句用表示過去的相應時態。如：
He speaks English as if he were an Englishman. 他說起英語來好像一個英國人似的。
He acted as if （as though） nothing had happened. 他表現得似乎沒有發生什么事。
She loves the child as if he were here own. 她愛這孩子如同愛自己的孩子一樣。

此外，as if （as though）后可以跟動詞不定式。如：
She raised her hand as though （as if） to hang the picture on the wall. 她舉手象要把這幅畫掛在墻上。
He raised his hand as though to take off his hat. 他舉起手來，像要脫帽似的。

2. She tried hard to reach the baby's room… but the house broke in two, dropping her to the first floor and leaving the baby's bed hanging in the edge of the two-story house. 他盡力地到達嬰兒房間，但是房子裂成了兩半，把她摔到了樓下，而嬰兒的小床留在上面，搭在這座二層樓的邊緣上，搖搖欲墜。

由dropping 和leaving 組成的兩個-ing形式短語在句中作伴隨情況狀語。如：
They came into the room laughing and talking. 他們說說笑笑地走進屋來。
Taking a dictionary, she began to prepare her lessons. 她拿了本詞典，開始準備功課。

3. …… just as the bed crashed to the first floor ……與此同時床墜落到了一樓。

4. It is true to say a dog is man's best friend or at least Roberts best friend. 事實上說狗是人類最好的朋友，起碼是羅特的最好的朋友。

* 句中it是形式主語，to say a dog動詞不定式是真實主語。
句中it作先行代詞用。It在句中充當形式主語或形式賓語，而將真正的和邏輯上的主語或賓語（通常用不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句表示）移到后面去。如：
It is very important for us to learn English. （it代替不定式to learn English做形式主語）我們學習英語是十分重要的。
It takes much time to carry out a test. （it 代替不定式to carry out a test作形式主語）進行試驗是要花費許多時間的。

it 作形式賓語：在具有賓語補語的句子里，it在動詞后作直接賓語的先行代詞，在賓語補語后面再出現真正的直接賓語（一般以不定式短語、動名詞短語表示，但也有用that引出一個賓語從句）。如：
I found it a bit difficult to work in class because I kept on thinking about, the match in the afternoon. 我發現在課堂上學習有點兒難，因為我一直在想著下午的比賽。

We think it useful to learn the computer well. 我們認為學好計算機是有用的。
* at least 意思是"至少，起碼"。如：
At least I can give you ten dollars. 最少我能給你十美元。
at least 的反義詞是at most 意思是"至多"。
I can pay only fifty dollars at most. 我最多只能付五十美元。

三、本單元詞語辨析

1.alone和lonely
lonely 與alone的意思比較接近，但在使用時有所區別：
lonely用作形容詞，意思是"孤單的；寂寞的"。可指心靈上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地點。在句中既可作表語，也可作定語。alone 可作形容詞和副詞，意思是"單獨；獨自"，不指心理上寂寞的感覺。

例：feel lonely（√）；a lonely traveller（√）
be alone（√）；a alone house（×）

She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.
她被帶到一個荒島上，自己居住，但她從不感到寂寞。

2. before long和 long before
  before long 作"不久以后"講，切不要按字面譯為"長時間以前"或"好久以前"。如：
We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我們希望不久（以后）就把實驗做完。
long before 作"很久以前"講。原意為"……以前很久"，故也可譯為"老早"。long before 跟before long 不同，前者在其后面可以接名詞或一個從句；當上下文明確時，名詞或從句還可以省略。Before long 則沒有上述搭配用法。
They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before. 我們昨天開始做實驗，但我們在那以前很久就已經做準備了。

3. as, when, while
  as 是連詞，意思是"當……的時候，一面……一面"，（強調同時，一般連續時間不長），如：
As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in. 正當我們談論"泰坦尼克號"這部電影時，教師進來了。
The students sing as they go along. 學生們邊走邊唱。

When和as一樣都是連詞，注意它們的不同。如when"當……的時候"（一般表示動作緊接著發生）；"那時"（等立連詞，前有逗號分開）
I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太陽下山，那時天開始下雨了。

  while是"當……時候；和……同時"（強調同時發生，一般連續時間較長）
While I was watching TV, he was reading. 當我在看電視的時候，他正在看書。
While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。

四、本單元語法重點

The Infinitive （3）動詞不定式（三）
用作主語

動詞不定式的基本形式是to+動詞原形。動詞不定式(或不定式短語)沒有人稱和數的變化，在句子中不作謂語，動詞不定式具有名詞的特征，因此它在句子中可以作主語。比如：
① To learn a foreign language is not easy. 學好一門外語不容易。
② To play in the street is dangerous. 在街上玩很危險。
③ To grow plants is very important. 種些植物很重要。

注意，作主語用的動詞不定式常常為it替代放在句子開頭，動詞不定式(或短語)通常放在謂語后面，但翻譯時可不必將it譯出來，上面幾個句子還可表述為：
① It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 
② It is dangerous to play in the street. 
③ It is important to grow plants. 

如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，可以在不定式前加一個for引起的短語。
It's important for us to learn a foreign language. 
對我們來說學好一門外語很重要。
It's a little painful to get an injection. 注射有一點疼。
It's not interesting to work in a hospital. 在醫院工作不是很有趣。

五、同步練習
用括號內所給動詞的適當形式填空。

1. I don't know when ______(have) a picnic.

2. She is very busy today. She has a lot of work ______(do).

3. It's impossible for us ______(finish) the work in such a short time.

4. teacher asked us ______(be) careful when we crossed the road.

5. Last week they went to the farm ______(help) the farmers with their work.

6. She wants ______(be) a doctor when she grows up.

7. How long does it take you ______(get) to the factory by bus?

8. My mother never lets me ______(play) football after lunch.

六、同步練習答案及講解

1. to have（這是帶有疑問詞的動詞不定式，在句中做賓語。）

2. to do（不定式做定語，修飾work。）

3. to finish（動詞不定式做主語。）

4. to be（不定式做賓語補足語。）

5. to help（不定式做狀語。）

6. to be（不定式做賓語。）

7. to get（不定式做主語。）

8. play（不定式做賓語補足語。有些動詞如：let，make，feel，have，hear，see，watch等后面的動詞不定式做賓語補足語時，動詞不定式省掉to。）