八年級英語下冊Units 9—10語法詞匯重點（精選3篇）
八年級英語下冊Units 9—10語法詞匯重點 篇1
period seven (八年級下units 5—8)一、大綱要求
詞匯單詞與短語flower, against, chance, tonight, window, improve, collect, pair, since, raise, several, thousand, mind, perhaps, return, voice, allow, smoke, suggestion, receive, asleep, open, instead, instead of, rather than, interested, besides
重點句型if you go to the party, you’ll have a great time. i am interested in the writer job.for a foreigner like me, the more i learn about chinese story, the more i enjoy living in china.would you mind turning down the music?why don’t you get her a scarf?what a lucky guy!
二、重點解析
單詞與短語
1. happen
happen v. 意為“發生”。用法如下：
(1) sth. happen to sb. 意為“某人出了什么事”。 eg:
an accident happened to her the day before yesterday. 前天她出了一場車禍。
(2) happen to do sth. 意為“碰巧做某事”。 eg:
i happened to see him in the park. 我碰巧在公園里看見了他。
[注] happen多指偶然發生的事情；而take place多指事情是有計劃的。兩者都屬于不及物動詞,不能用于被動語態。 eg:
the accident happened at about 9:00. 事故發生在9點左右。
the meeting will take place tomorrow. 會議將明天舉行。
2. pair
pair 意為“一對，一雙”，修飾名詞時用a pair of。“a pair of+名詞復數”作主語時，謂語
動詞要用單數形式。若表示兩/三/幾雙（對）時，要用two/three/several pairs of。它作主語
時，謂語動詞用復數形式。 eg:
i wear a pair of glasses. 我戴著一幅眼鏡。
there are two pairs of shoes under the bed. 床下面有兩雙鞋。
[注] pair 前面有時可以用指示代詞this, that, these和those來修飾。 eg:
that pair of trousers costs me 200 yuan. 那條褲子花了我200元。
3. room
room 既可作可數名詞，也可作不可數名詞，作可數名詞時指“房間”，作不可數名詞時
指“空間”。 eg:
she’s in the next room. 她在隔壁房間。
there isn’t room to put the table. 沒有空間放桌子。
4. receive
receive 意為“接到，收到”，常指“（客觀上）接到，收到”。accept意為“接受，接納”，表示同意或愿意接受，常指“（主觀上）接受”。 eg:
he received a letter. 他接到了一封來信。
i accepted the invitation. 我接受了邀請。 （準備去）
she received the present, but she didn’t accept it. 她接到了禮物，但是沒有接受它。
5. instead
(1) instead是副詞，意為“代替，頂替”。 eg:
if we can’t go to qinhuangdao, we’ll go to chengde.
如果我們不能去秦皇島，我們就去承德。
(2) instead of是介詞短語，后可跟名詞、代詞、動名詞，表示前者替代了后者，但兩者必須是相同的成分。 eg:
he will go instead of me. 他將替我去。
we will visit the museum instead of going skating tomorrow.
明天我們要去參觀博物館而不去滑冰。
6. rather then
rather than.是連詞，其前后所連的詞性是一致的，意為“與其……不如……，不是……而
是……”，有時還可用instead of代替。 eg:
i think i will have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我想喝冷飲，不想喝咖啡。
he is writing a letter rather than (=instead of) watching tv. 他在寫信而不是在看電視。
the sweater is comfortable rather than pretty. 這件毛衣與其說好看，不如說舒服。
詞語辨析
1. since & for
since和for都可用于現在完成時和現在完成進行時中，表示一段時間，since既可接時間
點，強調動作的起點，也可接時間狀語從句，而for后接時間段。 eg:
her mother has been working in the company since 10 years ago.
她母親從XX年前就一直在這個公司工作。
where have you been since i last saw you? 自從我上次見到你以后，你到哪兒去了？
the boy has been playing tennis for five years. 這個男孩打網球已經5年了。
[注] since作連詞時，還可表原因，意為“因為，既然”。 eg:
since we’re party members, we should set a good example to others.
既然我們是黨員，我們就應該給別人做個好榜樣。
2. maybe, perhaps, possibly & probably
maybe, perhaps 和probably三個詞都表示“可能”，都是副詞。但maybe (=perhaps)是普通用語，常用于口語。perhaps表示“或許，大概”，是較正式用語。possibly 表示“大概，也許”，常與may, must連用，表示可能性小或不確切。probably (=most likely)表示“大概，也許”，可能性較大，比較肯定。 eg:
—are you coming to the party? 你來參加舞會嗎？
—maybe, i don’t know yet. 也許會來，不過現在還說不定。
perhaps it will rain in the afternoon. 下午也許會下雨。 （也許不下）
could you possibly take care of my dog while i’m away? 我不在時，你能照顧我的狗嗎？
he will probably succeed. 他很有可能會成功。
3. besides & except
except 意為“除了……，除去……”，表示除外的部分不包括在內。而besides意為“除了……還有”，表示除外的部分還包括在內。 eg:
she likes physics besides english. 除了英語，她還喜歡物理。 (喜歡英語和物理)
everyone except jim went to the park. 除了吉姆以外大家都去公園了。（吉姆沒去）
4. pay for, spend, take & cost
pay for, spend, take和cost 都有“花費”的意思。但pay for和spend 的主語是人，而take的主語通常是形式主語it, cost的主語是物。常用句型為：sb pay some money for sth. sb spend some money (in) doing sth/ on sth. it takes sb some time to do sth. sth cost sb some money. eg:
he paid 20 yuan for the book. 買這本書他花了20元。
he spent 100 yuan in buying the ticket/ on the ticket. 買這張票他花了100元。
the t-shirt cost him 80 yuan. 這件t恤花了他80元。
it took the workers ten years to complete the project.
工人們用了XX年的時間完成了這項工程。
句型
1. if you go to the party, you’ll have a great time. 如果你去參加聚會，你會玩得很開心的！
if 意思是“如果，假如”，引導條件狀語從句。在含有時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的復合句中，如果主句是一般將來時態，從句應用一般現在時代替一般將來時。 eg:
if it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will have a sports meeting.
假如明天不下雨的話，我們就舉行運動會。
i’ll tell him as soon as i see him. 我一見到他就告訴他。
i won’t stop shouting until you let me go. 你不放我走我就一直喊叫。
[注] if還可引導賓語從句，意思是“是否”，賓語從句的謂語動詞要根據主句謂語動詞的時態而變化。 eg:
i don’t know if my sister will telephone me. 我不知道姐姐是否會給我打電話。
2. by the way, what’s your hobby? 順便問一下，你的愛好是什么？
way 可以和不同的介詞構成短語，意思不同。 eg:
by the way 順便問一下，順便說一聲 on the/ one’s way to… 在……的路上
in the/ one’s way 擋住某人的路 eg:
by the way, when will the train leave? 順便問一下，這次列車什么時候出發？
don’t stand in my way. 不要擋我的路。
on his way to school, he picked up a wallet. 在去上學的路上，他撿到了一個錢包。
3. i am interested in the writer job. 我對寫作工作感興趣。
(1) interested是形容詞，意為“感興趣的,關心的”，通常作表語，作表語時常用人作主語。
be/ become interested in 意為“對……感興趣”。 eg:
she is interested in english. 她對英語感興趣。
(2) interesting 也是形容詞，意為“有趣的，引起興趣的”，可作定語，也可作表語，作表
語時，常用物作主語。 eg:
his brother gave him an interesting book. 他哥哥送給了他一本有趣的書。
the story is very interesting. 這個故事很有趣。
(3) interest可作名詞，意為“興趣”；也可作動詞，意為“引起……關注，
使……感興趣“。
edison took an interest in science when he was young.
愛迪生從小就對科學感興趣。
the book doesn’t interest me. 這本書不能引起我的注意。
4. i didn’t finish writing my test because i ran out of time.
我沒能完成考試題，因為我用完了時間。
finish v. 意思是“完成，結束”，后可跟名詞、代詞或v-ing形式作賓語。也可用作不及物動詞。 eg:
i have finished school. 我已經畢業了。
she finished reading the book last night. 她昨晚讀完了那本書。
this term finishes next week. 這學期下周結束。
[注]后可接v-ing形式的動詞還有：enjoy, mind, keep 等。 eg:
i enjoy living in shanghai. 我喜歡住在上海。
don’t keep him waiting too long. 別讓他等得太久。
5. for a foreigner like me, the more i learn about chinese story, the more i enjoy living in china.
對于像我這樣的外國人來說，了解的中國歷史越多，越喜歡在中國生活。
“the+比較級+主語+謂語，the+比較級+主語+謂語”意為“越……，越……”。 eg:
the more you read, the more you’ll understand. 你讀的書越多，你懂的就越多。
the more you eat, the fatter you get. 你吃得越多就越胖。
6. —would you mind turning down the music? 你介意把音樂關小點嗎？
— no, not at all. 一點也不介意。
would/ do you mind…? (你介意……嗎？請你……好不好？) 的用法有：
(1) would you mind doing sth? 用來客氣地提出請求。 eg:
would/ do you mind closing the door? 關上門你介意嗎？
(2) would you mind+ sb’s doing sth? 用來提問詢問，征求對方的意見（在非正式文體中，
doing前的所有格可換為賓格）。 eg:
would/ do you mind my/ me having a rest? 我休息一會兒你介意嗎？
(3) 在回答mind的問題時如表示“同意”，要用no, not at all. /certainly not. /sure not./ of
course not. 如果表示反對，要用yes, you’d better not. 或sorry. 表示“介意，你最好
別……”。 eg:
—would you mind my opening the window? 你介意我開一下窗戶嗎？
—no, not at all. 不介意。
—would you mind not putting your bike here? 你介意不把你的自行車放在這里嗎？
—sure not. 不介意。
7. even if you are with your friends, it is better to keep your voice down in public places.
即使你和朋友在一起，在公共場所放低音量也是比較好的。
it’s better/ best to do sth. 意為“最好做某事”。 eg:
it’s better to take some medicine when you are ill. 生病時，最好吃點藥。
it’s best to go by bus. 最好坐公共汽車去。
8. why don’t you get her a scarf? 為什么不給她買一條圍巾？
(1) why don’t you…表示提出建議，意為“為什么不……”這一句型還可以表示為“why not+
動詞原形……？”。 eg:
why don’t you come to school earlier?
=why not come to school earlier?
你為什么不早點兒來學校呢？
(2) get 在這里意為“買”，相當于buy。get sb. sth. =get sth. for sb., 類似的用法還有buy/ make/ cook sth. for sb. eg:
i’m hungry please get something for me to eat. 我餓了，請去給我弄點吃的。
his father bought a new bike for him. 他爸爸給他買了一輛新自行車。
my mother has cooked dinner for us. 媽媽已經給我們做好晚飯了。
[注] 動詞give, pass, bring, show 等常在間接賓語前用介詞to。 eg:
she passed the letter to me. 她把信轉交給了我。
she showed her new coat to me. 她給我看了看她的新上衣。
could you give it to me? 你把它給我好嗎？
9. what a lucky guy! 多幸運的家伙啊！
這是一個感嘆句，也可表示為：how lucky the guy is! how修飾形容詞、副詞。what 修飾
名詞。感嘆句的幾種基本結構：
(1) what+ a/ an+形容詞+單數可數名詞+其它！
(2) what+形容詞+不可數名詞/可數名詞復數+其它！
(3) how+形容詞/副詞+其它！ eg:
what an interesting story! 多么有趣的故事啊！
what good news it is! 多么好的消息啊！
how carefully she does her homework! 她做作業多么認真啊！
10. maybe you could even make friends with a native speaker of english.
也許你可以同一個以英語為母語的人交上朋友。
friend n. 朋友 它可以組成以下短語：
(1) be friends with 與……要好 eg:
lily is friends with mary. 莉莉和瑪麗很要好。
(2) make friends with 與……做朋友 eg:
i made friends with her. 我與她結為朋友。
[注] (1) (2) 詞組中friend要用復數形式。
三、鞏固練習
1. before we will finish the olympic park.
a. build b. built c. building d. to build (北京)
2. frank a film if he’s free next saturday.
a. see b. saw c. has seen d. will see (北京)
3. you look really cool in the new dress, dear. how much did you it?
a. ask for b. pay for c. think about d. find out (山東)
4. —tom is six and he is his sister jane. how old is jane?
—three.
a. twice as old as b. two years older than
c. three years younger than d. as old as (山東)
5. long the bridge is! let me drive you over it.
a. what b. what a c. how d. how a (江蘇)
6. they have been in this city three years ago.
a. for b. about c. since (長沙)
7. —look! this sweater is beautiful.
— ?
a. why not trying it on b. why not try on it
c. why not try it on d. why not trying on it (陜西)
8. —tell him about the news when he , john.
—yes, i will.
a. comes b. will come d. would come d. is coming (河北)
9. —i’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
—oh, not at all. i here for only a few minutes.
a. have been b. had been c. was d. will be (浙江)
10. they since the factory opened.
a. had worked here b. have worked here c. worked here (哈爾濱)
11. hard work it is to plant so many trees around the lake!
a. what a b. what c. what on d. how (福建)
12. — there _____for me in the bus?
—no, it’s crowded.
a. is, a room b. are, any room c. are, rooms d. is, any room (福建)
13. important job it is!
a. what a b. what an c. how d. how an (甘肅)
14. this book is very and i am _____ in it.
a. interest… interest b. interesting… interested
c. interested…interesting d. interested…interested (甘肅)
15. i’ll go to the zoo if it tomorrow.
a. doesn’t rain b. will rain c. rains d. won’t rain (甘肅)
16. lucky people they are!
a. what b. what a c. what d. how (湖南)
17. how the song “two butterflies” sounds! most of the young like the words more than the music.
a. softly b. sweet c. famous d. beautifully (內蒙古)
18. i’m doing my homework would you please turn your radio a little?
a. up b. down c. off (四川)
19. —can you do it by yourself?
— .
a. no problem b. very well c. it doesn’t matter d. you’re welcome (浙江)
20. —can i help you?
—i’d like for my twin daughters.
a. two pair of shoes b. two pairs of shoe
c. two pair of shoe d. two pairs of shoes (湖北)
21. —it’s too hot. would you mind my the window?
— . do it as you like, please!
a. to open, ok b. opening, certainly not
c. closing, of course d. open, good idea
22. —could you tell me what you think about hainan?
—oh, if you get a chance there, take it.
a. going b. gone c. go d. to go (海南)
23. why do you put the rubbish here? it smells terrible, it away, please.
a. bring b. take c. hold (太原)
24. he didn’t help me. , he laughed at me.
a. instead b. but c. so (青海)
八年級英語下冊Units 9—10語法詞匯重點 篇2
period eight (八年級下units 9—10) 一、大綱要求
詞匯
單詞
neither, boat, especially, travel, discover, wonderful, population, dumpling, brave, spring, whenever, awake, umbrella, noon, goodbye, cow, cost, baby, holiday重點句型have you ever been to an amusement park?this means that you can find disney characters all over the roller coaster. tell me about yourself.so do i. 二、重點解析單詞1. population (1) population 是集體名詞，它作主語時，若指一個地區或國家的整體人口時謂語動詞通常用單數；若強調整體人口中的成員時，謂語動詞通常用復數。 eg: the population of nanjing is smaller than that of shanghai. 南京的人口比上海少。 about two fifths of the population here are farmers. 這兒大約2/5的人口是農民。 (2) 在詢問人口時，注意population和people的區別，前者用what來提問，后者用how many 來提問。 eg: what’s the population of hebei province? 河北省的人口是多少？ how many people are there in hebei province? 河北省有多少人？ (3) 表達人口多少時要用large和small來修飾，不能用many, more和few修飾。 eg: china has a larger population than japan. 中國的人口比日本多。2. neither (1) neither常用作代詞，意為“兩者都不”。 eg: neither of us can understand. 我們倆誰也不能理解。 neither was very interesting. 兩者都沒有多大意思。 (2) 它還可用作形容詞，意為“（兩者）都不”，常在句中作定語。 eg: neither answer is correct. 兩個答案都不對。 [注]neither作主語時，應看作是單數形式；neither所修飾的名詞也應用單數形式。(3) neither 用在倒裝句中表示“前者所說的內容也適合于后者”，意為“也不”。 eg: he doesn’t like beethoven and neither do i. 他不喜歡貝多芬的作品，我也不喜歡。詞語辨析neither, none, either, both & all
表示肯定意義
表示否定意義
表示兩個人或事物
both
neither
表示三個或三個以上的人或事物
all
none
both意為“兩者都”；either意為“兩者中的任何一個”；neither表示“兩者中任何一個也不”。none意為“三個或三個以上一個也不”，all指“三個或三個以上都……”。(1) 用作形容詞時，neither, either修飾單數名詞，both修飾復數名詞，all可以修飾復數名詞，也可以指不可數名詞。 eg:
neither story is true. 兩個故事都不真實。
you may take either road. 你可以走兩條路中的任何一條。
both pens are red. 兩支鋼筆都是紅色的。
all the water was poured. 所有的水都潑出去了。
(2) 用作代詞時，neither/either常被看作單數，而both應看作是復數；all根據不同的情況可以看作是單數或復數。 eg:
neither is mine. 兩個都不是我的。
both of us are teachers. 我們兩個都是老師。
all of us are here. 我們所有的人都在這兒。
(3) neither/none表示完全否定；而both/all和否定詞not連用時，表示的是不完全否定意義。
eg: neither of you is right. 你們兩個都不對。
both of you are not right. 你們兩個并非都對。
重點句型
1. have you ever been to an amusement park? 你曾經去過游樂園？
have been to 意為“去過某地”。 have gone to 指“去了某地，但未回來”。 eg:
she has never been to beijing. 她從來沒去過北京。
—where is your deskmate? 你同桌去哪兒了？
—he has gone to the bookshop? 他去書店了。
2. this means that you can find disney characters all over the roller coaster.
這意味著在所有的過山車里你都能夠看到迪斯尼人物。
mean是及物動詞，意為“意思是……，意味著……”。 eg:
what does the word “argue” mean? “argue” 這個單詞意思是什么？
it means that he won’t come again. 這意味著他再也不會回來了。
[注]mean的名詞形式為meaning. eg:
what’s the meaning of life? 生命的意義是什么？
3. tell me about yourself. 給我講講你的情況。
動詞tell的用法：
(1) tell sb. about sb. /sth. 意為“告訴某人有關某人/某事”。 eg:
could you tell me about your work? 你能告訴我你的工作情況嗎？
(2) 后接單賓語，意為“講述、說、告訴”，該賓語通常是事物。 eg:
my mother like telling jokes. 我媽媽喜歡講笑話。
(3) 后接雙賓語，即人和事物，表示“講述、說、告訴”。 eg:
she has told me the thing. 她已經告訴我這件事了。
(4) tell sb. (not) to do sth. 意為“吩咐/命令某人（不）做某事”。 eg:
tell him to wait. 叫他等一等。
(5) 它常與can, could, be able to 連用，意為“辨別，分辨”。 eg:
i can’t tell tom from his twin brother? 我不能分辨出湯姆和他的孿生兄弟。
4. so do i. 我也是。
“so+助動詞/情態動詞+主語”是倒裝句結構，用于后一句陳述內容與前一句陳述內容相同，且前后的主語是不同的人，意為“某某也如此”。若前后陳述的情況為否定式，用 neither或nor來替代so。 eg:
—i am a teacher. 我是一名老師。
—so is he. 他也是。
—she can’t dance. 她不會跳舞。
—nor can i. 我也不會。
[注] 若前后兩陳述句的主語一致，且陳述內容相同，則用so+主語+助動詞/情態動詞，意為“某某的確如此”。 eg:
—he is very brave. 他很勇敢。
—so he is. 的確如此。
5. i was having a hard time finding it until you came along.
我一直很難找到它，直到你走了過來。
have a good time doing sth. 意為“做某事很費勁”。 eg:
the police had a hard time finding the lost child. 警察好不容易找到了這個走失的孩子。
6. i didn’t know some of the girls, but they were all really friendly to me.
有些女孩子我不認識，但她們真的對我很友好。
be friendly to sb. 意為“對某人很友好”。 eg:
my classmates are friendly to me. 我的同學對我很友好。
三、鞏固練習
1. the headmaster told us at the science museum on time.
a. arrive b. arrives c. to arrive d. arriving ( 北京)
2. —let’s go and play football, ?
—that’s wonderful.
a. will you b. do you c. won’t we d. shall we ( 江蘇)
3. —jane, it’s time to go school. get up and have breakfast.
—but i am not feeling . i don’t fell like eating anything.
a. bad b. good c. well ( 長沙)
4. i told you not to be late again, john, i?
a. do b. did c. don’t d. didn’t ( 河北)
5. —jim enjoys listening to pop music.
— .
a. so does helen b. also is helen
c. helen likes also d. so helen does ( 甘肅)
6. —do you mind if i smoke here?
— .
a. you are welcome b. i’m afraid not
c. please don’t. it’s a non-smoking car ( 甘肅)
7. two foreigners are in the sitting room. one is jack and is peter.
a. other b. another c. one d. the other ( 湖南)
8. —you’ve left the light on.
— . i’ll go and turn it off.
a. so i have b. so do i c. nor have i d. neither i do ( 內蒙古)
9. i bought two pairs of shoes, but of them is made in chengdu.
a. neither b. either c. none ( 四川)
10. —tom, can you tell me where jack is?
—he to the library.
a. has gone b. had gone c. has been ( 武漢)
11. —would your sister go to hainan this summer?
—if i don’t go, .
a. neither will she b. neither does she c. so will she d. so does she ( 遼寧)
12. i had to buy these books because i didn’t know which one was the best.
a. both b. none c. neither d. all ( 南京)
13. —i like apples.
— .
a. me too b. my brother is c. don’t do that ( 重慶)
14. it was a long journey, but of them four felt boring.
a. neither b. both c. none d. all ( 黑龍江)
15. —have you ever to japan?
—no, never.
a. been b. gone c. go d. travel
16. —i hear your teacher to japan once.
—yes. he _____ there last year.
a. goes, went b. has been c. went, has been d. has been, went
17. thank you for us to your house on saturday.
a. inviting b. invited c. invite d. to invite
18. hurry up. your parents you for twenty minutes.
a. wait b. is waiting c. has waited for d. have been waiting for
19. students are usually interested in sports. some like running, some like swimming and like ball games.
a. the others b. others c. the other d. other
20. i don’t think he is having a meeting, ?
a. does he b. don’t i c. is he d. isn’t he
八年級英語下冊Units 9—10語法詞匯重點 篇3
period six(八年級下units 1-4)一、大綱要求
詞匯
單詞robot, use, less, fewer, fly, get, find, alone, able, dress, however, everywhere, possible, seem play, argue, wrong, surprise, either, except, fail, until, land, while, follow, shout, happen, earth, ever, suppose, nervous, own, thin, decision, influence
短語
call up, take off
重點解析there will be more people /fewer trees/ less pollution. no one will want to see actors talk. for example, it’s easy for a child to wake up and know whey they are. i don’t want to surprise him. 二、重點解析單詞:1. argue argue v. 意為“爭論，爭吵”，它常用于句型argue with sb. (about/over sth.)意思是“與某人……爭論（某事）”。 eg: i often argued with him over the matter. 我常常和他在那件事上爭論。2. get (1) get v. 意為“接到，收到”，相當于 “receive”。 eg: i got a letter from my sister this morning. 今天早晨我接到了妹妹的來信。另外，句型get sb. to do sth. 意為“使/讓/叫某人做某事”，其中to不可以省略。 eg: the teacher got the students to finish their homework at once. 老師讓學生們立刻完成作業。(2) get 還可作連系動詞，意為“變得，成為”。 eg: our country is getting stronger and stronger. 我們的國家變得越來越強大。3. land (1) land v. 意為“降落”，“著陸”。 eg: he plane landed safely. 飛機安全地降落了。 (2) 它還可用作名詞，意為“陸地，土地，田地”。 eg: he owns 100 acres of land. 他擁有一百英畝土地。4. compare compare v. 比較，對照。 eg: compare the style of the two poems. 將這兩首詩的風格加以比較。 if you compare her work with his, you’ll find hers is much better. 要是把他倆的工作比較一下，就會發現她的好得多。5. find find 后可接名詞、代詞、作賓語，還可以接復合賓語，用形容詞、現在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語、副詞、不定式作賓語補足語。 eg: i found the book on the bed. 我發現書在床上。 i found the key lost. 我發現鑰匙丟了。 she hurried there, but found them all out. 她趕到那里，但發現大家都出去了。短語：1. call (sb.) up call (sb.) up意為“給（某人）打電話”，相當于give sb. a call, ring sb. up, give sb. a ring, phone/telephone sb. eg: i will call you up tomorrow. 我明天給你們打電話。2. take off (1) take off 意為“起飛”，其反義詞為land. eg: the plane takes off at 3 pm every day. 那班飛機每天下午3點起飛。
(2) 它還可以表示脫去（衣服、鞋等）。其反義詞為put on。 eg: he took off his shoes and put it behind the door. 他脫下鞋子，并把它放在門后。 ［注］與take有關的短語有： take away 拿走，取走 take back 收回，取消 take care of 照顧 take it easy 不要急，別緊張 take medicine 服藥 take part in 參加 take place 發生 take photos 拍照 take a rest 休息一下 take a walk 散步3. run away run away 意為“跑開，迅速離開，逃走”。 eg: the girl ran away at once. 那個女孩立即跑走了。 ［注］與away有關的短語有：right away 立即，馬上 go away 走開 be far away from 離……遠put away 把……收起來，放好 take away 拿走詞語辨析:1. be able to & can be able to 和can 都表示“能”，但兩者有以下區別： (1) 表示現在或一般能力時，be able to與can可以互換使用。 eg:nobody can/is able to solve the problem. 沒人能理解這個問題。 (2) can只有現在式和過去式，而be able to 有較多的時態變化。 eg:he has not been able to come. 他來不了了。 they will be able to do it well. 他們能把這件事情辦好。 (3) be able to的過去時表示“經過努力能做成某事”，而could沒有這種意思。 eg:he worked hard at his lessons and was able to pass the exam. 他努力學習，考試及格了。 (4) 在表示猜測時，用can而不用be able to. eg:that can’t be his book. my name is on it. 那不可能是他的書。上面有我的名字。that man can’t be your headmaster. he has gone to australia. 那個人不可能是你的校長。他去澳大利亞了。 (5) be able to 可以與不定式以及shall, will, would連用，用在現在完成時態中，而can則不能。 eg: i hope to be able to pass the exam. 我希望能通過這次考試。 you will pass the exam if you work hard. 如果你學習努力，你就會通過這次考試。 we have been able to read english novels. 我們已經能夠讀英文小說了。2. in & after in 和 after 是介詞，都表示“在……之后”，但兩者用法不同。in指以現在為起點，句子多用將來時。after 指以過去某一時間為起點，句子多用過去時。after 如后接鐘點時，指以現在為起點，句子用將來時。 eg: he will come back in an hour. 一個小時后他將回來。 after half a year, they built another factory. 半年后，他們建了另一家工廠。 he will finish the work after two o’clock. 兩點后他將完成這件工作。3. find, look for & find out find意思是“發現，找到”，強調找的結果；而look for 意思是“尋找”，強調找的過程；find out意思是“查出；查明”，指經過努力查出了事情的真相。 eg: the woman looked for her son everywhere, but she couldn’t find him. she was very sad. 這位婦女到處找她的兒子，但是她沒有找到。她非常難過。 can you find out when the plane will take off? 你能查一下飛機什么時候起飛嗎？4. when & while (1) when 與 while 都可以做從屬連詞，引導時間狀語從句，意思是“當……時候”。當從句的謂語動詞是延續性動詞時，二者可以互換；若從句的謂語動詞是終止性動詞時，只能用when. eg: when/while we were talking, the teacher came in. 當我們正說話時，老師走了進來。 he was listening to english when the telephone rang. 當電話響時，他正在聽英語。the light went out suddenly while we were watching tv. 我們正在看電視，燈突然熄滅了。while mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside. 瑪麗寫信時孩子都在外面玩兒。 (2) when 和 while 兩詞還可以作并列連詞，但意思不同。when 相當于at that time或just then, 意為“在那時”；而while則相當于but,意為“而；但是”，表示對比關系。eg: he was just falling asleep when there was a knock at the door. 他就要睡著，就在這時有人敲門。my mother was sweeping the floor while my father was reading a report. 我母親在拖地，而我父親在看報告。 5. in front of & in/at the front of in front of指在某一范圍外的前面，其反義詞為behind。 in the front of指在某一范圍內的前面，其反義詞為in /at the back of。 eg: there is a tree in front of my house. 我家房子前面有棵樹。 the driver sits in the front of the car. 司機坐在汽車的前部。6. alone, lonely &all by oneself alone 作形容詞意為“單獨的”，只能作表語；作副詞意為“單獨地”、“獨自”。lonely 作形容詞，意為“孤獨的，寂寞的”。all by oneself 獨立，單獨，有“全靠自己”的意思，有時可與alone互換。 eg: he is alone/all by himself, but he doesn’t feel lonely. 他獨自一人，但他并不孤獨。 he finished the work alone/all by himself. 他獨自完成了那件工作。 ［注］he finished the work himself. 他親自完成了那件工作。i have to learn to use the computer all by myself. 我不得不靠自己學會使用電腦。=i have to teach myself to use the computer. 我不得不自學使用電腦。句型:1. there will be more people /fewer trees/less pollution. 將會有更多的人/更少的樹/更少的污染。(1) 此句屬于there be句型的一般將來時，表示“將來存在……”。該句型的否定式為：there will not be….疑問式為：will there be…?肯定回答用yes, there will. 否定回答用 no, there won’t. eg:there won’t be any fish in the river. 將來河里就不會有魚了。—will there be less pollution? 將會有更少的污染嗎？—yes, there will./no, there won’t. there will be more pollution. 是的，會用更少的污染。/不，將來會有更多的污染。 (2) more, fewer, less都是比較級。more 是many/much 的比較級，故more既可以修飾可數名詞的復數也可以修飾不可數名詞。fewer是few的比較級，所以fewer只能修飾可數名詞的復數，而less是little的比較級，只能修飾不可數名詞。 eg: there will be fewer animals in china. 在中國將會用更少的動物。 there will be less money. 將會有更少的錢。2. predicting the future can be difficult. 預測未來可能很困難。
v-ing形式
、動詞不定式或疑問詞+不定式作主語時，謂語動詞應用單數形式。 eg: getting up early is good for your health. 早起對身體有好處。 to be late for school isn’t a good thing. 上學遲到不是件好事。 when to start is still a problem. 何時出發仍然是個問題。3. no one will want to see actors talk. 沒有人想看演員們談話。 (1) no one 想當于nobody, 只能用來指人，不能指物，并且后面不能接of；常用來回答who開頭的問句。 eg: —who is in the classroom now? 現在誰在教室里？ —no one. 沒有人。 (2) none 意為“（三者或三者以上中）一個也沒有”，它既不可以指人，也不可以指物；后面可以接of短語；謂語動詞用單數、復數均可；常用來回答how many 或how much 引導的疑問句。 eg: none of them has/have come back get. 他們誰也沒回來。 —how many books are there on the desk? 桌子上有幾本書？ —none. 一本也沒有。4. for example, it’s easy for a child to wake up and know where they are. 例如，讓孩子醒來并且知道他們在哪里很容易。 在句型it’s+形容詞+of/for sb. to do sth. 中，當形容詞描述不定式行為者的性格、品質時，用介詞of，在邏輯上sb與該形容詞是主語和表語的關系。形容詞若是描述事物的性質時，用介詞for。 eg: it’s very clever of you to answer the difficult question. 能答出這個難題，你真聰明。it isn’t good for animals to stay in cages. 動物總待在籠子里不好。5. that may not seem possible now, but computers, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago. 現在那好像是不可能，但是電腦，太空火箭，甚至電動牙刷在1XX年前好像（也）是不可能的。 seem v. 好像，似乎。用法如下： (1) seem+形容詞 eg: my grandmother seems ill. 我奶奶好像病了。 (2) seem +to be+形容詞 eg: the story seems to be very interesting. 這個故事好像很有趣。 (3) seem +to do sth. eg: he seems to study well. 他似乎學習很好。 (4) it seems +that從句 eg: it seems that she has read this book. 好像她已經看過這本書了。6. i don’t want to surprise him. 我不想讓他感到吃驚。 (1) surprise v. 使（人）驚訝，常用被動結構be surprised. eg: when i heard the news, i was very surprised. 聽到這個消息時，我很吃驚。 (2) surprise n. 驚奇，詫異 to one’s surprise 使某人感到驚奇的是 eg: to my surprise, the plan succeeded. 我感到驚奇的是那計劃竟然成功了。 in surprise 驚奇，驚訝，在句中作表語或狀語。 eg: she looked up in surprise when i shouted. 我叫喊時，她吃驚地抬起頭來看。 (3) surprising adj. 驚人的。 eg: it’s surprising they lost. 他們竟然失敗了。7. parents see other children doing a lot of things, and they feel their own children should do the same. 父母看到其他的孩子在做許多事情，他們覺得自己的孩子也應該這樣做。 see sb. doing sth. 意為“看到某人正在做某事”，強調動作正在發生。 see sb do sth. 意為“看到某人做了某事”，強調動作的全過程。 eg: i saw her entering the classroom. 我看見她正在進入教室。 i saw her enter the classroom. 我看見她進了教室。 ［注］hear, listen to, watch, look at, find, feel, notice 與see 的用法相同。8. i hope you are in good health. 希望你身體健康。 hope作動詞用時,有以下用法： (1) hope+從句 eg: i hope he will come. 我希望他會來。 (2) hope to do sth. eg: i hope to pass the exam. 我希望能夠通過考試。 (3) hope for+ n. 希望得到什么…… eg: i hope for his letter. 我希望能接到他的來信。語法：陳述句直接引語如果是陳述句，變為間接引語時，用連詞that引導（that在口語中常省略），從句的人稱、時態、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要作相應的變化。1. 人稱的變化 he said, “i like it very much.” 他說：“我非常喜歡它。” he said that he liked it very much. 他說他非常喜歡它。
he said to me, “i broke your cd player.” 他對我說：“我把你的cd 播放器摔壞了。” he told me that he had broken my cd player. 他告訴我說他把我的cd 播放器摔壞了。2. 時態的變化 直接引語間接引語一般現在時過去時現在完成時過去完成時現在完成時過去完成時現在進行時過去進行時一般過去時過去完成時一般將來時過去將來時3. 指示代詞、時間和地點狀語的變化
直接引語
時間引語
指示代詞
this, these
that, those
時間狀語
now, today, tonight, this week, yesterday, last week, three days ago, tomorrow, next week
then, that day, that night, that week, the day before, the week before, three days before, the next day, the next week
地點狀語
here
there
動詞
bring, come
take, go
[注]直接引語如果是客觀真理，變為間接引語時，時態不變。 eg: he said, “light travels much faster than sound.” →he said that light travels much faster than sound. 三、鞏固練習1. i don’t know the day after tomorrow. a. what he will do b. what will he do c. what he did d. what did he do (. 北京)2. —did your parents go to the film yesterday evening? —no, we stayed at home watching tv. a. both b. all c. either d. none (. 江蘇)3. it rained heavily yesterday, but of the students was later for school. a. both b. all c. none (. 長沙)4. we should keep our eyes while doing eye exercises. a. close b. closed c. open d. opened (. 吉林)5. today computers in both cities and towns. a. were using b. are used c. were used d. are using (. 陜西)6. —please give me a when you arrive. —ok. i’ll tell you everything as soon as i get there. a. ring b. present c. hand d. ride (. 安徽)7. do you know ? a. what time would the train leave b. what time does the train leave c. what time will the train leave d. what time the train leaves (. 浙江)8. i don’t know if it tomorrow. if it _____, i will stay at home. a. will rain, rains b. rains, will rain c. will rain, will rain (. 哈爾濱)9. —i called you at 7:30 yesterday evening. but there was no reply. —sorry. i dinner with my friends at a restaurant. a. had b. was having c. have had d. had had (. 福建)10. we find impossible to get there before 8:00 o’clock. a. her b. it c. this d. that (. 甘肅)11. —mom, i’m leaving for beijing tomorrow morning. —oh, good. but be sure to phone me you get to beijing, please. a. when b. while c. because d. if (. 山東)12. when the light went out last night? a. what were you doing b. what have you done c. what did you do d. how were you doing (. 山東)13. —you look rather tired. stop to have a rest? —all right. a. why not b. how about c. why not to d. why don’t (. 山東)14. it’s very nice you to give me the chance. a. of b. for c. to d. at (. 天津)15. they miss brown at the airport when she arrives this afternoon. a. will meet b. have met c. meet (. 武漢)16. —i hope you my party next weekend. —ok, i . a. to come to, will b. come to, will c. can come to, am d. can come to, will (. 遼寧)17. —how do you like our city? —i think it’s becoming . a. more beautiful and more beautiful b. more and more cleaner c. more and more beautiful d. clean and clean (. 山西)18. it’s to teach a man fishing than to give him fish. a. more b. better c. good d. best (. 黑龍江)19. —what’s the matter mr. liu? he is wet through. —his car ran _____ the river. a. with, into b. for, in c. with, to d. to, at (. 湖北)20. —there a concert this evening. —yeah. exciting news! a. are going to be b. is going to be c. is going to have d. will have (. 福州)